Test your critical reading skills with this quiz on Cornell Notes and probabilit...

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does the sampling distribution show?

  • Correlations of close to zero (correct)
  • Correlations of close to infinity
  • Correlations of various strengths
  • Correlations of close to one

What does setting $\alpha$ to $p = .05$ mean in relation to the null hypothesis?

  • Accepting that 5% of the time the true population is not zero
  • Accepting that 5% of the time the true population is zero (correct)
  • Accepting that 95% of the time the true population is not zero
  • Accepting that 95% of the time the true population is zero

What is the Type I Error also known as?

  • A True Positive
  • A False Negative
  • A False Positive (correct)
  • A True Negative

What does sampling error refer to?

<p>Error due to taking a sample from a population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the properties of sampling distributions in NHST?

<p>To determine the likelihood of obtaining a particular test statistic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of a Type I Error?

<p>Type II Error (A False Negative) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the null hypothesis testing (NHST) not use to test the null hypothesis?

<p>Simulations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sampling distribution allow us to see?

<p>The relative probability of obtaining correlations of different strengths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood of obtaining a particular test statistic in NHST related to?

<p>The well-known properties of sampling distributions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely thing to be found in the sampling distribution?

<p>Correlations of close to zero (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of a False Positive in hypothesis testing?

<p>A False Negative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood of obtaining a particular test statistic in NHST based on?

<p>The properties of sampling distributions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason for the replication crisis in psychology?

<p>Bias toward publishing research with significant results (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a type 1 error also known as?

<p>False positive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended to improve the reliability of psychological research?

<p>Include effect sizes in addition to p-values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Cohen’s d used for?

<p>Measuring the difference between two means expressed in standard deviations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does reporting exact p-values aim to address?

<p>Reinforcing the idea that meeting the alpha criterion is crucial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should nonparametric tests be employed?

<p>When data violate assumptions of parametric tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential problem when making multiple comparisons in ANOVA?

<p>Increased probability of observing false positives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one solution to address the problem of multiple comparisons in ANOVA?

<p>Apply Bonferroni correction to the p-values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Bonferroni correction involve?

<p>Multiplying the p-values by the number of comparisons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Holm correction?

<p>An alternative approach to correcting for multiple comparisons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main problem with relying solely on p-values for decision making?

<p>It does not provide information about effect size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen as sample size increases, even for small effects?

<p>Small effects can become statistically significant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential problem when making multiple comparisons in ANOVA?

<p>Increased probability of observing a false positive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the properties of sampling distributions in NHST?

<p>To determine the likelihood of obtaining a particular test statistic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does setting $\alpha$ to $p = .05$ mean in relation to the null hypothesis?

<p>Accepting a 5% chance of a false positive under the null hypothesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood of obtaining a particular test statistic in NHST related to?

<p>The null hypothesis being true (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason for the replication crisis in psychology?

<p>Bias toward publishing research with significant results (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of a Type I Error?

<p>False Negative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended to improve the reliability of psychological research?

<p>Including effect sizes in addition to p-values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the null hypothesis testing (NHST) not use to test the null hypothesis?

<p>Effect sizes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen as sample size increases, even for small effects?

<p>Small effects become statistically significant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Cohen’s d used for?

<p>Measuring the difference between two means expressed in standard deviations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely thing to be found in the sampling distribution?

<p>Test statistics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should nonparametric tests be employed?

<p>When data violate the assumptions of parametric tests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of including effect sizes when reporting findings?

<p>To provide information about the relative strength of the observed effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue with only reporting p-values in terms of the alpha criterion?

<p>It reinforces the idea that meeting the alpha criterion is the sole basis of statistical decision making (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the replication crisis in psychology according to the text?

<p>Lack of understanding of NHST and p-values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for making multiple comparisons in ANOVA to address the increased probability of a false positive?

<p>Apply a correction such as the Bonferroni correction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary drawback of relying solely on p < .05 to determine the significance of findings?

<p>It does not provide information about the strength of the observed effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of teaching students about NHST and p-values in research methods classes?

<p>To improve students' ability to interpret research findings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of parametric tests such as t-tests and ANOVA?

<p>They rely on assumptions about distribution properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended alternative if data violate the assumptions of parametric tests?

<p>Use nonparametric tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue with the bias toward publishing research with significant results?

<p>It contributes to the difficulty of replicating findings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards are hidden until you start studying

Related Documents

2. Probability Testing [2] copy.docx

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser