Corneal Physiology and Clinical Applications Quiz

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Which layer of the cornea is highly hydrophilic?

Endothelium

Epithelium

Basal lamina

Stroma (correct)

What is the primary contributor of glucose to all corneal layers?

Tears

Aqueous humor (correct)

Limbal capillaries

Vitamins

Which process is the principal provider of energy to epithelial cells?

Glycolysis (correct)

Glycogen synthesis

Krebs cycle

Lactic acid pathway

Where does lactic acid pass through in corneal stress?

Endothelium Signup and view all the answers

What can lactic acid accumulation in corneal stress lead to?

Acidosis and edema Signup and view all the answers

What happens to oxygen levels during sleep?

Decrease Signup and view all the answers

Which junctions restrict the amount of fluid entering from the tear film into the cornea?

Tight junctions Signup and view all the answers

How are the basal cells of the cornea connected to each other?

By gap junctions Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the cornea obtains glucose from the aqueous humor by diffusion?

Endothelium Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for corneal transparency?

Corneal hydration Signup and view all the answers

What is the first response of epithelium after injury?

Stop basal cell mitosis Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the cornea can regenerate if damaged?

Stroma Signup and view all the answers

What can contribute to astigmatism besides the cornea?

Lens Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of recurrent corneal erosion?

Incomplete healing of an abrasion Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of keratoconus?

Thinning and degeneration of the stroma Signup and view all the answers

What are Hassall-Henle bodies?

Small excrescences of the posterior surface of Descemet’s membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is indicative of endothelial dysfunction in the cornea?

Corneal guttata Signup and view all the answers

What can cause corneal edema resulting in impaired visual acuity?

Endothelial damage Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to corneal neovascularization?

Corneal infections Signup and view all the answers

What are characteristic symptoms of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection in the eye?

Red eye, photophobia, tearing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Na/K pump in the corneal epithelium?

Moving K+ into the epithelium and Na+ into the stroma Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of water between the endothelium and anterior chamber?

Concentration gradient of ions Signup and view all the answers

How does the K+ channel respond to corneal changes in pH?

By moving more K+ into the aqueous, moving Cl- and water out to restore normal thickness Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Na+/2HCO3- cotransporter in the endothelium?

Moving water between endothelium and anterior chamber Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of oxygen for the cornea when the eye is open?

Atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the partial pressure of O2 in the tears when the eye is closed?

Decreases to 55 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Where do the posterior stroma and endothelium receive oxygen from when the eye is closed?

Aqueous humor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of oxygen for the epithelium when the eye is closed?

Superior palpebral conjunctiva and limbal vasculature Signup and view all the answers

What drives the regeneration of corneal epithelium when the basement membrane (BM) remains intact?

Mitosis of basal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter in the corneal epithelium?

Moving K+ and Cl- into the epithelium Signup and view all the answers