40 Questions
What is the main theme of Chapter 1?
Social Attitude Towards Disabled People: Historical and Cultural Aspects
What is the title of the section on page 6?
Cripples: The Power of Imagination, Crippled Mind, and Show Business
What is the page number of the section 'Quality Control in the Field of Diagnostics'?
17
What is the chapter number of 'The Role of Ethics Committees'?
2
What is the title of the chapter on page 21?
Types of Chromosome Mutations
What is the title of the section on page 4?
Monstrosities: Consequence of Sin Versus Play of Nature
What is the page number of the chapter 'Heteromorphismes: Mutations in Non-Coding-DNA Regions'?
33
What is the common attitude towards disabled people throughout human history?
Discrimination and repulsion
What is the significance of Cytogenetics in the field of Genetics?
It is a significant subject of research, especially in Human Genetics.
What is the publisher's stance on jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations?
The publisher is neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims.
What is the address of the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG?
Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
What is the result of progress in investigation methods in Cytogenetics?
New focus areas of research and improved capabilities of diagnosis.
What is the nature of the advice and information in this book?
The advice and information are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.
What is the relationship between Cytogenetics and related areas of research?
Cytogenetics has a close cooperation with related areas of research.
What is the scope of Cytogenetics research?
It is divided into various research and application areas.
What is the primary area of research in Cytogenetics?
Theoretical Cytogenetics
When was bioethic principles first recorded in writing?
In pre-Islamic times
What was established in 1993 in Tehran?
The Center for Medical Ethic Studies and Research
What was the purpose of the 'International Congress of Bioethics' in Tehran?
To provide a forum for interchange of ideas and information
Which organization collaborated with Iran in the 'International Congress of Bioethics'?
UNESCO
When was the 'First International Congress of Medical Ethics' held in Tehran?
In 1993
What was published by the Tehran university in 1953 and 1963?
Publications concerning the significance of ethical standards
What followed the 'First International Congress of Medical Ethics' in Tehran?
Meetings and workshops on a regular basis
When was the second 'International Congress of Bioethics' conducted?
In 2008
What was the reason behind the cruel treatment of changelings?
They were believed to be possessed by the devil
When were changelings finally seen as medical objects and a challenge for scientific research?
In the 18th century
What was the 'ludibrium naturae'?
A natural disorder or consequence of nature
What happened to lunatics, blind people, or deaf-mutes after the French Revolution?
They were cared for in special institutions
What was Martin Luther's view on changelings?
They were only a piece of flesh with no soul
Why were changelings treated brutally in the past?
Because they were believed to be possessed by the devil
When did disability start to be seen as a natural disorder or consequence of nature?
In the 18th century
How were the disabled treated after the French Revolution?
With more support according to human dignity
What is the primary concern of legislative power in the context of medical ethics?
Prevention of abuse and safety of life
What is the significance of Professor Kueng's publications in the field of medical ethics?
They contributed to the development of principles of ethical conduct in interreligious and intercultural dialogue
What is one of the key areas of medicine where ethical principles are relevant?
Basic research
What is the purpose of bioethics rules?
To ensure the safety of life and prevent abuse
What is the significance of the 'Deutscher Ethik Rat' in the context of medical ethics?
It is a response to the publications about fundamental ethics in medicine
What is one of the ethical considerations in the context of prenatal diagnostics?
The evaluation of the applied techniques
What is the significance of culture in the context of bioethics?
It is of trans-cultural importance
What is the significance of self-responsibility in the context of medical ethics?
It is one of the principles that guides the evaluation of a therapy for the patient
Study Notes
Cytogenetics
- Cytogenetics is a significant subject of research in the field of Genetics, especially in Human Genetics.
- It has developed explosively over the past 66 years.
- The field is divided into various research and application areas, including: • Theoretical Cytogenetics as a basic science • Tumour Cytogenetics • Investigations on Mutagenesis • Evolution • Population Cytogenetics • Molecular Genetics • Clinical Genetics • Cell Biology • Biology of Reproduction • Oncology • Pathology
Social Attitude Towards Disabled People
- Discrimination and repulsion of disabled people can be observed throughout human history.
- In the past, disabled people were treated brutally, and their condition was seen as a punishment for sins or negligence of the parents.
- In the 18th century, disability was finally seen as a natural disorder or consequence of the "play of nature" (ludibrium naturae).
- After the French Revolution, there was a systematic practical approach to treat the disabled medically.
Ethical Principles in Medicine
- Ethical principles have always been a relevant issue in medicine and have defined the conduct of those affected.
- The evaluation of applied techniques and their consideration for a treatment approach play a part in ethical principles.
- Legislative power provides the foundation for ethical conduct, which is based on the principles of self-responsibility, verified benefits of a therapy for the patient, protection of personality, and preservation of justice.
- Bioethics rules are of trans-cultural importance but may be interpreted differently in different cultures.
- Leading ethicists have contributed to the overlapping emergence of principles of ethical conduct in interreligious and intercultural dialogue.
- Bioethic principles were an important issue in medicine as early as in pre-Islamic times, and the Islam tradition has emphasized their importance.
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