Copper Soldering and Joint Technologies

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'DWV' in DWV copper refer to?

Drain, Waste, and Vent (correct)

Ductile Water Vessel

Domestic Water Volume

Drainage and Waste Volume

Which type of copper is characterized as heavy duty with a thick tubing wall?

M-type copper

DWV copper

K-type copper (correct)

L-type copper

What should be applied to the threads when joining steel pipe?

Tape

Grease

Pipe dope (correct)

Water

Which of the following statements is true about L-type copper?

It is considered medium weight and is used most frequently. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about M-type copper is accurate?

It is lightweight and not commonly used in the industry. Signup and view all the answers

What shape do pipe threads generally have when used for containing liquid or vapor under pressure?

V shape Signup and view all the answers

What is typically produced when tubing is cut with a tubing cutter?

A burr Signup and view all the answers

How many perfect threads should be present for pipe threads containing liquid or vapor under pressure?

At least seven Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for connecting piping in a refrigeration system with as few joints as possible?

To decrease the likelihood of leaks Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the process of soldering is true?

The solder should be melted by heating the base metal instead. Signup and view all the answers

95/5 tin-antimony solder is appropriate for what part of a refrigeration system?

It is suitable for any part of the system. Signup and view all the answers

What components typically make up an air-acetylene unit?

An acetylene tank, regulator, hose, and torch Signup and view all the answers

When is flux required during soldering or brazing?

Whenever there is a metal to metal joint Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pipe can carry new blended refrigerants in low-temperature applications?

ABS and PVC pipes Signup and view all the answers

The correct answer for the type of copper tubing used in refrigeration systems is known as?

ACR piping Signup and view all the answers

What type of tubing or pipe is used for natural gas supply to a heating unit?

Steel pipe Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of filler materials used in high temperature connections of copper joints?

15%-60% silver Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon causes molten solder to flow between the base metals being soldered?

Of capillary attraction Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flame is appropriate for silver brazing with an oxyacetylene torch?

Neutral flame Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using flux when soldering?

All of the above are correct Signup and view all the answers

When soldering, where should flux be applied?

The male part of the joint only Signup and view all the answers

Which material is suitable for cleaning ACR copper tubing before soldering?

Sand cloth Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to ensure proper adherence of solder during the soldering process?

The surfaces to be soldered need proper cleaning and flux application Signup and view all the answers

How are pipe threads standardized?

By the ANSI Signup and view all the answers

Why are tapered threads primarily used in steel pipe connections?

They produce a tight joint that prevents leakage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the flaring operation in metal tubing?

To expand one end of a copper tube for connection. Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when moisture reacts with refrigerant and oil in a refrigeration system?

Acid Signup and view all the answers

What effect do noncondensable gases have in a refrigeration system?

They are undesirable. Signup and view all the answers

What process does 'work hardening' refer to in tubing?

Bending the tubing without heating. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to 'pull a vacuum' in a refrigeration system?

To reduce the pressure in the system. Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature is soldering typically accomplished?

Under 842°F Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the reaming process in tubing?

To create a smooth finish by removing burrs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best material to use for connecting lines to the vacuum pump and gauge set?

Copper tube Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended pressure for leak testing on the low-pressure side of a system?

150 psig Signup and view all the answers

How can air entering a refrigerant system affect its performance?

It can lead to compressor failure Signup and view all the answers

Is it true that ordinary clean refrigerant oil can be used satisfactorily in a vacuum pump?

False Signup and view all the answers

When should the oil in a vacuum pump be changed?

After each time it is used Signup and view all the answers

Can operating the compressor motor for several seconds under a deep vacuum safely remove liquid water beneath the oil?

No, it may cause system damage Signup and view all the answers

After repairing a system with compressor burnout, what is the best practice regarding recovered refrigerant?

Re-use the recovered refrigerant Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about clearance tolerances and refrigerant oil usage is accurate?

High tolerances require special types of oils Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Copper Joint Filler Materials

Filler materials in high-temperature copper joints are typically composed of 15%-60% silver.

Soldering Fundamentals

Solder flows between base metals due to capillary attraction.
A neutral flame is the appropriate flame type for silver brazing.
Flux is used when soldering to prevent oxidation, keep pipes clean, and help solder flow easier.
Flux should only be applied to the male part of the joint when soldering.
Sand cloth can be used to clean ACR copper tubing before soldering.

Pipe Threads

Pipe threads are standardized by the American National Standard (A.N.S.).
Tapered pipe threads are used for liquid or vapor under pressure and should have at least seven perfect threads.

Steel Pipe Joining

Pipe dope should be used when joining steel pipe to prevent leakage.

Copper Tubing Types

K-type copper is heavy-duty and has a thick tubing wall.
L-type copper is medium weight and is most frequently used.
M-type copper is lightweight and not commonly used in the HVACR industry.
DWV copper (drain, waste, and vent) is lightweight and typically not used for refrigerant-carrying applications.

Tubing Installation

A burr is produced when cutting tubing with a tubing cutter, which can affect system operation.
Refrigeration system piping should have as few joints as possible to minimize potential leaks.
Heating the solder directly with a torch is incorrect practice; heat the tubing instead.
95/5 tin-antimony solder is not suitable for all parts of a refrigeration system.
Air-acetylene units consist of an acetylene gas tank, a regulator, a hose, and a torch.
Using flux is not always required when soldering or brazing.
ABS and PVC pipes cannot be used for blended refrigerants in low-temperature applications.

Refrigeration System Piping

Copper tubing used in refrigeration systems is commonly referred to as air-conditioning and refrigeration (ACR) copper.
Steel pipe is the primary material for natural gas supply to heating units.
Insulation on suction lines helps maintain proper superheat.

Tapered Steel Pipe Threads

Tapered threads are used in the refrigeration industry to produce a tight joint and prevent leakage of fluids.

Refrigeration System Terminology

Flaring is the process of expanding one end of a copper tube at an angle for flare nut connection.
Annealing is the process of heating and cooling tubing to soften it.
Soldering is a process that occurs at temperatures under 842°F.
Reamers remove burrs and rough edges from tubing.
Brazing is a process that occurs at temperatures above 842°F.
Work hardening occurs when tubing is excessively bent and straightened.
Swaging joins two tubes of equal diameter.

Moisture and Noncondensable Gases in Refrigeration Systems

Moisture in a refrigeration system forms acid when reacting with refrigerant and oil.
Noncondensable gases are detrimental to refrigeration system performance.
A vacuum is created by removing air and other noncondensable gases from a system.

Vacuum Pump and Testing

Copper tubing is the best material for connecting vacuum pump hoses due to accuracy and compatibility with refrigerant oils.
The maximum recommended pressure for leak testing is 150 psig on the low-pressure side.
Air contaminating a system can lead to compressor failure.
Regular oil change is required for vacuum pumps.
Operating a compressor with liquid water under the oil can damage the system.

Refrigerant Recycling

Reusing recovered refrigerant after a compressor burnout is not good practice due to possible contaminants.

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Description

This quiz covers essential topics related to copper joint filler materials, soldering fundamentals, pipe threads, and copper tubing types. Test your knowledge on the various aspects of copper soldering, from the right flame type to the importance of flux. Perfect for students and professionals in plumbing and HVAC.