COP28 Loss and Damage Fund Overview

Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the loss and damage fund established during the COP28 conference?

To manage climate technology transfers from developed to developing nations.

To provide compensation to vulnerable countries affected by climate change. (correct)

To support renewable energy projects in rich countries.

To fund scientific research on climate change adaptation.

Which entity will manage the loss and damage fund while being based at the World Bank?

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

An international climate change organization.

A consortium of wealthier nations.

An independent secretariat. (correct)

What significant challenge does the loss and damage fund face regarding data?

Poor data availability and processes for tracking L&D. (correct)

Excessive funding compared to the required amount.

Data privacy concerns among participating countries.

Reliability of data from developed nations.

What was a key proposed action to address loss and damage in climate policy?

Incorporating loss and damage into national and international climate policies. Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of the Green Credit Program (GCP)?

It allows for the trading of credits on a dedicated exchange. Signup and view all the answers

What is India's stance on the loss and damage fund?

A strong supporter for broader access for developing nations. Signup and view all the answers

What type of losses does the loss and damage fund aim to address?

Permanent losses that cannot be adapted to. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of activities does a Green Credit represent?

Specified activities that deliver positive environmental impact. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for India’s interest in the Arctic region?

Access to undiscovered oil and gas resources Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is mentioned as facilitating cooperation among Arctic states?

The Arctic Council Signup and view all the answers

What does Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology aim to achieve with its Earth system model?

Performing solar geoengineering simulations Signup and view all the answers

Which challenge is highlighted as a significant threat to the Arctic region?

Plastic crisis from petrochemical industries Signup and view all the answers

What implication does the changing Arctic climate have on India?

Negative impacts on the Indian monsoon Signup and view all the answers

What unique governance issue is faced by the Arctic region?

Fragmented governance among different countries Signup and view all the answers

India's Arctic Policy aims primarily to understand the impact of climate change on which aspect?

India's climate and energy security Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of Arctic amplification mentioned in the content?

Melting of sea ice at a faster rate Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of climate resilient farming?

It increases the system's capacity to withstand climate disturbances. Signup and view all the answers

Which crop is projected to experience a decline in yields due to climate change by 2050?

Rainfed rice Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of GHG emissions from agriculture in India is attributed to enteric fermentation?

54.6% Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge in reducing mercury emissions in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sector?

Economic importance to local communities Signup and view all the answers

What is one challenge in adopting Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA)?

Collaboration among diverse stakeholders is complex. Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative aims to promote climate resilient agriculture in India?

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Signup and view all the answers

How many countries have ratified the global mercury convention as of July 10, 2024?

148 countries Signup and view all the answers

What agricultural practice is mentioned as a way to manage livestock feed effectively?

Altering feeding time or frequency. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant benefit observed from the global mercury convention?

Enhanced monitoring of mercury levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the NITI Ayog concerning the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India?

Overseeing the adoption and monitoring of the SDGs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended intervention for reducing methane emissions?

Using Environmental Inhibitors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the fact sheet recently released by the Centre?

Promoting agroforestry. Signup and view all the answers

What is a reported limitation in the process of localizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

Limited availability of data and finance Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'SDG India Index' launched by NITI Ayog?

To monitor the progress of SDGs in states and UTs Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary challenges faced in compliance and enforcement of mercury regulations?

Insufficient resources in certain countries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes to the challenges in localization of the SDGs?

Lack of policy coherence and coordination Signup and view all the answers

What primary factor contributes to the rise in air pollution in Delhi during winter months?

Change in wind direction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of temperature inversion in Delhi?

Trapping of pollutants at lower levels Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of PM2.5 emissions in Delhi is attributed to vehicle emissions?

40% Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant impact of stubble burning in the National Capital Region (NCR)?

Increased particulate matter and carbon dioxide emissions Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to air pollution in Mumbai?

Stubble burning Signup and view all the answers

Which temperature range is ideal for executing cloud seeding effectively?

-10 to -12 degrees Celsius Signup and view all the answers

What substance is commonly used in hygroscopic cloud seeding?

Sodium chloride Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is necessary for effective cloud seeding?

Deep enough clouds with at least 50% coverage Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

COP28 Climate Conference and Loss & Damage Fund

Official operationalization of the Loss and Damage (L&D) fund at COP28 in Dubai to support vulnerable countries facing climate change.
L&D fund compensates developing nations, which contribute minimally to carbon emissions, for irreversible impacts of climate change.
Fund managed by an independent secretariat and based at the World Bank; first announced during COP27 in 2022.
The Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) for L&D was created at COP19 in 2013 to address climate change impacts in developing countries.
India strongly advocates for broad access to L&D funds beyond small island and least developed nations.
Challenges include lack of a shared definition for L&D, poor data systems, low funding commitments (around $700 million), and limited technical capacities in developing nations.
Emphasizes the need for policies integrating L&D into national frameworks, enhancing resilience through climate-adaptive infrastructure.

Green Credit Program

Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change implemented the Green Credit Program (GCP) 2023 to incentivize environmentally positive activities.
Green Credits can be traded on an exchange, akin to carbon credits, enhancing participation in climate action.
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology is developing models for solar geoengineering simulations.
UNESCO recommends legislation for climate action, inclusion of marginalized groups, and robust collaboration for climate initiatives.

India's Interest in the Arctic

India launched its first Winter Scientific Expedition to the Arctic, focusing on climate change effects.
Climate changes in the Arctic have global repercussions, influencing Indian monsoons and contributing to sea level rise.
The Arctic contains significant undiscovered oil and gas reserves, along with various valuable minerals.
Challenges in the Arctic include increasing plastic pollution, rapid warming (twice as fast as the global average), melting sea ice, and complex governance issues.
India’s Arctic Policy aims to study climate implications on national energy security.

Urban Air Pollution in India

Winter air pollution in Delhi worsens due to wind changes, temperature inversions, vehicle emissions (40% of PM2.5), and stubble burning.
Stubble burning releases significant particulate matter and carbon dioxide, worsening air quality.
Mumbai faces rising pollution from disrupted wind patterns and various local pollution sources like construction and vehicle emissions.
Cloud seeding is being considered as a method to combat Delhi's air pollution by enhancing precipitation through chemicals like silver iodide.

Mercury Emissions Control

Global ratification of the mercury convention stands at 148 countries, leading to significant reductions in mercury usage and stringent regulations in coal and industrial sectors.
Challenges persist in reducing mercury in artisanal gold mining and ensuring compliance in resource-limited countries.

Localization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

UN-Habitat's report, in collaboration with India's housing ministry, focuses on localizing SDGs through sub-national contexts.
Local SDG implementation faces finance, data, capacity issues, and awareness challenges.
NITI Aayog coordinates national efforts for SDGs and launched the SDG India Index to monitor progress.

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Climate change impacts agriculture through reduced yields and shifting crop zones; agriculture itself contributes 14% of India’s GHG emissions.
Adoption of climate-resilient practices is essential, including varied stakeholder collaboration and innovative policies.
Initiatives like NICRA and NMSA aim to bolster climate-resilient agriculture.
Grassroots participation and technological advancements (e.g., AI analytics) are pivotal for future success in agriculture.

Agroforestry Promotion

The Indian government released a fact sheet to promote agroforestry, aligned with environmental sustainability goals.

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Description

Explore the insights from the COP28 climate conference held in Dubai, focusing on the operationalization of the loss and damage fund. This fund is designed to provide compensation to vulnerable countries facing severe impacts of climate change, despite having a low carbon footprint. Learn about the implications and responsibilities of industrialized nations in tackling climate-related losses.