Podcast
Questions and Answers
What property of water allows it to help regulate environmental temperatures?
What property of water allows it to help regulate environmental temperatures?
How does evaporative cooling function in humans?
How does evaporative cooling function in humans?
What is the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure?
What is the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure?
At which temperature does water freeze, transitioning from liquid to solid state?
At which temperature does water freeze, transitioning from liquid to solid state?
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What makes ice less dense than liquid water?
What makes ice less dense than liquid water?
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What is the approximate density of liquid water?
What is the approximate density of liquid water?
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Why does salt water have a greater density than fresh water?
Why does salt water have a greater density than fresh water?
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What are natural waters commonly found to contain?
What are natural waters commonly found to contain?
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What percentage of the Earth's water is considered fresh water?
What percentage of the Earth's water is considered fresh water?
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Why is water referred to as the 'universal solvent'?
Why is water referred to as the 'universal solvent'?
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Which of the following minerals are commonly found in seawater?
Which of the following minerals are commonly found in seawater?
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What is the pH level of pure water?
What is the pH level of pure water?
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What is the main reason for the need to use water carefully and economically?
What is the main reason for the need to use water carefully and economically?
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Which of the following statements about water's properties is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about water's properties is incorrect?
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What factors have changed the approach to selecting lubricants in industrial applications?
What factors have changed the approach to selecting lubricants in industrial applications?
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What is the primary chemical component of fresh water?
What is the primary chemical component of fresh water?
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What primarily causes temporary hardness in water?
What primarily causes temporary hardness in water?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding permanent hardness?
Which of the following statements is true regarding permanent hardness?
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Which unit of measurement is commonly used to express water hardness?
Which unit of measurement is commonly used to express water hardness?
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What type of water is categorized as fit for human consumption?
What type of water is categorized as fit for human consumption?
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How is tap water primarily sourced in communities?
How is tap water primarily sourced in communities?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of fresh water?
Which of the following is NOT a type of fresh water?
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What happens to the bicarbonates of hardness upon heating?
What happens to the bicarbonates of hardness upon heating?
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What characteristic best describes potable water?
What characteristic best describes potable water?
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What does pH measure in water?
What does pH measure in water?
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When is water considered acidic?
When is water considered acidic?
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What causes turbidity in water?
What causes turbidity in water?
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What is the standard turbidity limit at consumers’ taps in the UK?
What is the standard turbidity limit at consumers’ taps in the UK?
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Which instrument is used to measure turbidity?
Which instrument is used to measure turbidity?
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What can high turbidity indicate following heavy rainfall?
What can high turbidity indicate following heavy rainfall?
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What pH value indicates that water is alkaline?
What pH value indicates that water is alkaline?
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What can be a reason for removing turbidity from water?
What can be a reason for removing turbidity from water?
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What is a major characteristic of hard water?
What is a major characteristic of hard water?
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What is a consequence of using soft water in homes with certain types of piping?
What is a consequence of using soft water in homes with certain types of piping?
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Which type of water is specifically obtained through boiling and re-condensing steam?
Which type of water is specifically obtained through boiling and re-condensing steam?
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What potential health issue is associated with the use of chemicals to kill bacteria in water?
What potential health issue is associated with the use of chemicals to kill bacteria in water?
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What is not a feature of mineral water?
What is not a feature of mineral water?
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Which water type is excluded from containing heavy metals due to a neutralization process?
Which water type is excluded from containing heavy metals due to a neutralization process?
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What is true about salt water?
What is true about salt water?
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Which type of water is most likely to dissolve impurities from pipes?
Which type of water is most likely to dissolve impurities from pipes?
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Study Notes
Cooling Water System, Boiler Water, and Boiler Feed Water
- Water is essential for industrial processes, serving as a cooling agent, solvent, and chemical reagent.
- Poor water quality can negatively impact equipment performance, necessitating careful management.
- Tribology plays a critical role in selecting high-quality marine fuels and lubricants due to demanding operational environments.
- Modern lubricants are required to meet specific application demands, moving away from the general-purpose approach of the past.
Lesson 1: Water
- Water (H2O) is tasteless, odorless, and a universal solvent, covering nearly 70% of Earth's surface.
- Only 2.7% of Earth's water is fresh, with accessible human-use water comprising a mere 0.03%.
- Freshwater is primarily found in glaciers, frozen lakes, and underground, making responsible usage crucial.
Properties of Water
Physical Properties
- Water's role as a universal solvent allows it to dissolve numerous substances, transporting essential chemicals and nutrients.
- Neutral pH of pure water is 7, critical for ecosystems and living organisms.
- High heat capacity helps regulate environmental temperatures, maintaining stable conditions in ponds and lakes.
- High heat of vaporization facilitates cooling in organisms through processes like sweating.
- Boiling point of water is 100°C; freezing point is 0°C (32°F).
- Density of water is about 1 gm/cm³; unlike most substances, ice is less dense than liquid water, allowing it to float and insulate underlying water.
Chemical Properties
- Natural water contains dissolved salts and micronutrients, impacting aquatic ecosystems.
- pH indicates acidity or alkalinity; neutral water has equal concentrations of H+ and OH– ions, while below or above 7 indicates acidity or alkalinity respectively.
- Turbidity, caused by suspended particles, affects water clarity and quality, often rising after heavy rainfall; measured in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU).
- Hard water has high mineral content, primarily calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺), affecting equipment and usage.
- Hardness is categorized into temporary (removable by boiling) and permanent (remains despite boiling).
Types of Water
- Fresh Water: Found in wetlands, lakes, rivers, and aquifers, typically low in dissolved salts.
- Potable Water: Safe for human consumption, treated to remove contaminants, clear, and odorless.
- Tap Water: Drawn from reservoirs and water sources, may contain pollutants treated with chemicals.
- Hard Water: Contains high levels of calcium and magnesium; linked to lower heart disease rates.
- Soft Water: Lacks calcium and magnesium, may corrode pipes, potentially leaching harmful substances into drinking water.
- Salt Water: Seawater with a dissolved salts concentration of about 3.5%.
- Distilled Water: Pure water obtained through distillation, used in labs and industries.
- Mineral Water: Naturally sourced water, retaining beneficial minerals but may also present health risks with excess intake.
- Demineralized Water: Lacks heavy metals and essential ions due to neutralization processes.
- Filtered Water: Purified through natural or artificial filtration methods, though not always completely germ-free.
- Rain Water: Naturally distilled, collected from atmospheric condensation.
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Description
This quiz explores the critical role of cooling water, boiler water, and boiler feed water in industrial processes. It covers the importance of water quality and its impact on equipment performance through concepts like friction, lubrication, and tribology. Test your knowledge of these essential topics in industrial practices.