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Questions and Answers
What is a primary reason corrosion is a concern in closed recirculating cooling water systems?
What is a primary reason corrosion is a concern in closed recirculating cooling water systems?
Which statement about open recirculating cooling water systems is accurate?
Which statement about open recirculating cooling water systems is accurate?
What is one disadvantage of closed recirculating cooling water systems?
What is one disadvantage of closed recirculating cooling water systems?
Why is plugging a significant issue in closed recirculating cooling water systems?
Why is plugging a significant issue in closed recirculating cooling water systems?
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What role does a cooling tower play in an open recirculating cooling water system?
What role does a cooling tower play in an open recirculating cooling water system?
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What is a primary disadvantage of a once-through cooling water system?
What is a primary disadvantage of a once-through cooling water system?
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How does a closed recirculating cooling water system differ from a once-through cooling water system?
How does a closed recirculating cooling water system differ from a once-through cooling water system?
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What is the purpose of the blowdown procedure in cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of the blowdown procedure in cooling water systems?
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Which of the following terms is associated with the measurement of cooling water system efficiency?
Which of the following terms is associated with the measurement of cooling water system efficiency?
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What describes the role of a heat exchanger in a cooling water system?
What describes the role of a heat exchanger in a cooling water system?
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives for Cooling Water Systems
- Define and explain the operation of a once-through cooling water system.
- Identify advantages and disadvantages of once-through cooling water systems.
- Define a closed recirculating cooling water system and its workings.
- List pros and cons of closed recirculating cooling water systems.
- Describe three types of cooling towers and their functions.
- Explain the Blowdown procedure and its significance.
- Understand key terms: temperature drop, recirculation rate, makeup water, holding capacity, time per cycle, drift, and cycles of concentration.
- Define heat exchangers and explain the differing types.
- Emphasize the importance of monitoring and control in cooling systems.
Cooling Water Systems Overview
- Cooling water systems transfer heat between substances, commonly utilizing heat exchangers.
- Hot processes involve steam, hot water, or process liquids/gases, while cold processes cool these elements.
Once-Through Cooling Water System
- Water passes through heat exchangers once and is then discharged.
- No recirculation keeps mineral content unchanged.
- Requires large volumes of water from sources such as seawater, lakes, or rivers.
Advantages and Disadvantages
- Advantages: Low initial capital costs.
- Disadvantages: Environmental concerns, discharge restrictions, high water usage, and water quality degradation during dry spells.
Closed Recirculating Cooling Water System
- Utilizes a fixed volume of water sealed from atmospheric exposure, minimizing evaporation.
- Makeup water is only needed for leak compensation (0.1-0.5% lost per day).
Components
- Pump: Circulates water in the system.
- 1st Heat Exchanger: Transfers heat from the process to the cooling water.
- 2nd Heat Exchanger: Removes heat from the cooling water loop.
Challenges
- Subject to corrosion and microbiological fouling, complicating maintenance.
- Corrosion can lead to buildup, plugging devices, and reduced system efficiency.
Advantages and Disadvantages
- Advantages: Minimal makeup water requirement and smaller volume treatment.
- Disadvantages: Needs a secondary cooling system and is limited to smaller systems.
Open Recirculating Cooling Water Systems
- Open to the environment, with heat released via evaporation in cooling towers.
- Efficient at handling high heat loads while recycling water to minimize waste.
Cooling Tower Functionality
- Enhances evaporation by breaking water into fine droplets for better heat release.
- Utilizes fans for rapid airflow to expel evaporated molecules.
Types of Cooling Towers
- Natural Draft Cooling Towers
- Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers
- Evaporative Condenser Cooling Towers
Additional Notes
- The cooling tower significantly boosts evaporation efficiency, ensuring optimal cooling performance in various industrial processes.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of cooling water systems, focusing on both once-through and closed recirculating systems. You'll explore key concepts, including cooling tower types, the Blowdown procedure, and the significance of monitoring and control in these systems. Understanding these principles is essential for efficient heat transfer and system management.