20 Questions
What is the primary form of heat removed by air conditioning systems?
Sensible heat
What is the average increase in latent heat fluxes via evapotranspiration in vegetated areas?
12 W m−2
What is the approximate decrease in surface albedo observed due to green roofs?
0.05
During hot hours of the day, what is the approximate temperature decrease expected if green roofs were implemented across the whole city?
0.5°C to 0.8°C
What is the effect of green roofs on temperatures during daily minimum T2?
Increase of 0.5°C
Compared to green roofs, what is the relative impact of cool roofs on temperature reduction during hot hours of the day?
2.5 times
What is the primary reason for the greater temperature reduction of cool roofs compared to green roofs?
Higher reduction of emitted sensible heat fluxes
What is the expected temperature reduction throughout the day with the implementation of cool roofs over open-low rises?
At least 0.5°C
What is the average temperature reduction in open and low-rise residential areas of London when cool roofs are implemented in more central and mid-rise areas?
0.15°C
Which of the following scenarios results in a heat reduction of up to ∼1°C in large low-rises areas of east-London?
Establishing cool roofs only on large low-rises (CRllr)
What is the average temperature reduction in London when green roofs are implemented?
0°C
What is the effect of using air conditioning for maintaining the indoor temperature of all London's building stock to 21°C (AC100) on central London?
A heating of up to ∼1°C
Which of the following interventions leads to a reduction of T2 by ∼0.5°C on average?
Installing solar panels over the whole city (PV100)
What is the effect of implementing cool roofs on residential low-rise buildings only (CRlow) on central parts of the city?
No cooling effect
What is the average temperature reduction observed with the implementation of Cool Roofs in London?
-0.3°C
Which intervention tends to increase the heat in hotter parts of London?
AC100
What is the characteristic of cooling brought by interventions in relation to the control run temperature?
Greater cooling in hotter areas
Which intervention shows a unique correlation with the control run temperature?
CRllr
What is the spatial unit of analysis used to evaluate the impact of interventions on air temperature?
Urban pixels
What is the primary outcome variable used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions?
Air temperature at 2m
Study Notes
Cool Roofs and Urban Temperature Reduction
- On average, cool roofs can reduce outdoor urban temperatures in London by ∼-0.3°C.
- Implementing cool roofs in central and mid-rise areas of London can benefit open and low-rise residential areas by ∼0.15°C on average.
- Cool roofs on residential low-rise buildings only (CRlow) can reduce outdoor temperature by up to ∼2°C in the south-east, but do not cool central parts of the city.
- Establishing cool roofs on large low-rises (CRllr) can lead to a heat reduction of up to ∼1°C in large low-rises areas of east-London.
Natural Cover and Urban Temperature Reduction
- Changing natural cover from a mixture of croplands and grasslands to deciduous trees (VG100) can reduce urban temperature by ∼0.3°C on average.
- This effect is more pronounced in the east of London.
Solar Panels and Urban Temperature Reduction
- Installing solar panels over the whole city (PV100) can reduce urban temperature by ∼0.5°C on average.
- This effect is more pronounced in the east of London.
Green Roofs and Urban Temperature Reduction
- Implementing green roofs across the whole city (GR100) can decrease temperatures by ∼0.5 to ∼0.8°C during hot hours of the day (11.00 UTC to 14.00 UTC).
- However, temperatures can increase by ∼0.5°C during daily minimum T2 (03.00 UTC to 06.00 UTC).
- The current potential for green roofs in London (GRpot) would not reduce the temperature by more than 0.1°C on average across the period.
Air Conditioning and Urban Temperature Reduction
- Using air conditioning to maintain the indoor temperature of all London's building stock to 21°C (AC100) can induce a heating of central London by up to ∼1°C and of ∼0.15°C on average for the whole city.
This quiz explores the effectiveness of cool roofs in reducing outdoor urban temperatures in London, United Kingdom. It examines the average 2m air temperature and compares the results with other regions.
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