Controllable/Extrinsic Variables in Specimen Collection

Posture = Effect on hemoconcentration Exercise = Effect on dehydration Stress = Impact on specimen handling Pregnancy = Influence on sample identification

Hemoconcentration = Increase in protein concentration Hemolysis = Release of intracellular contents Prolonged tourniquet application = Loss of water to interstitial area Timing of collection = Affects specimen storage

Anticoagulant preservatives = Prevention of clotting Type of specimen used = Influences test methodology Specimen handling, storage, and transport = Risk of contamination Sample identification = Ensures proper result attribution

<p>Anticoagulant preservatives = Negating coagulation Anti-glycolytic substances = Prevents subsequent breakdown of glucose Prolonged tourniquet application = Causes small solutes to leak from cells Hemolysis = Leads to increased plasma potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NaF in gray top = Prevents subsequent breakdown of glucose Potassium oxalate = Anti-glycolytic for glucose testing Anticoagulant preservative = Negating coagulation Prolonged tourniquet application = Causes anoxia to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemolysis = Leads to increased plasma potassium Prolonged tourniquet application = Causes small solutes to leak from cells Anoxia to cells = Result of prolonged tourniquet application Negating coagulation = Effect of anticoagulant preservatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins = Substances bound to proteins Cells/cellular elements = Macromolecules with low molecular weight substances Substances bound to proteins = Consist of macromolecules Prolonged tourniquet application = Leads to anoxia in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improper waste disposal = Compromises specimen integrity Proper waste disposal = Ensures accurate specimen processing Hemolysis during collection = Impacts test results Anoxia due to tourniquet application = Affects specimen quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemolysis = Disruption of the red cell membrane causing release of Hgb and other components of RBCs Diurnal variation = Variation that occurs in the amount of a substance during a 24-hour period Plasma = The non-cellular component of anticoagulated whole blood Preservatives = A substance or preparation added to a specimen to prevent changes in the constituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Venous Occlusion = Obstruction of the return of venous blood to the heart and distention of the veins Skin puncture = Collection of capillary blood usually from a pediatric patient by making a thin cut in the skin, usually at the heel of the foot Sharps container = A container designed for the disposal of sharps Phlebotomy = The puncture of a blood vessel to collect blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sharps = Any object which could readily puncture or cut the skin of an individual when encountered Skin puncture = Collection of capillary blood usually from a pediatric patient by making a thin cut in the skin, usually at the heel of the foot Sharps container = A container designed for the disposal of sharps Venous Occlusion = Obstruction of the return of venous blood to the heart and distention of the veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chorionic Villus Sampling = A prenatal test to detect birth defects that is performed at an early stage of pregnancy Phlebotomist = One who practices phlebotomy Plasma = The watery portion of blood that remains after coagulation has occurred Venipuncture = The puncture of a blood vessel to collect blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Additives = Compounds added to biological specimens to prevent them from clotting or to preserve the constituents of a specimen) Diurnal variation = Variation that occurs in the amount of a substance during a 24-hour period Pre-analytical errors = Factors that affect specimens before tests are performed and can lead to error if not controlled Preservatives = A substance or preparation added to a specimen to prevent changes in the constituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coagulation / Clotting = The sequential process by which the multiple coagulation factors of blood interact in the coagulation cascade forming an insoluble fibrin clot Plasma = The non-cellular component of anticoagulated whole blood Serum = Obtained after centrifugation Sharps container = A container designed for the disposal of sharps</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phlebotomy = The letting of blood in the treatment of disease Phlebotomist = The individual drawing a specimen of blood Sharps container = A container designed for the disposal of sharps Skin puncture = Collection of capillary blood usually from a pediatric patient by making a thin cut in the skin, usually at the heel of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anticoagulant = Any substance that prevents blood from clotting Chorionic Villus Sampling = A prenatal test to detect birth defects that is performed at an early stage of pregnancy Coagulation / Clotting = The sequential process by which multiple coagulation factors interact forming an insoluble fibrin clot Diurnal variation = Variation occurring in substance amount during a 24-hour period</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sharps = Any object which could readily puncture or cut skin when encountered Sharps container = A container designed for sharps disposal as regulated by OSHA Skin puncture = Collection method for capillary blood, often used for pediatric patients Venous Occlusion = Temporary blockage caused by pressure application, usually from a tourniquet</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma = The non-cellular component of anticoagulated whole blood Preservatives = A substance or preparation added to prevent changes in specimen constituents Skin puncture = Collection method for capillary blood, often used for pediatric patients Venipuncture = Puncture method used for obtaining identified blood specimens from veins</p> Signup and view all the answers