Control in Management
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of control within an enterprise?

  • To achieve and maintain acceptable productivity (correct)
  • To monitor employee behavior strictly
  • To provide freedom for creativity
  • To enforce rules and regulations
  • How is feedback significant in the control process?

  • It eliminates the need for a control plan
  • It allows for punishment of underperforming staff
  • It aids in understanding deviations from plans and standards (correct)
  • It serves as a fixed point of reference for all management actions
  • In what way does control contribute to management functions?

  • It replaces the need for planning and organizing
  • It may lead to changes in the performance of other management functions (correct)
  • It is a static process that enforces adherence
  • It promotes a rigid approach to performance standards
  • Which statement best describes the nature of control?

    <p>Control is a continuous and flexible process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of control?

    <p>It requires a rigid adherence to set plans at all times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of management according to Henry Fayol?

    <p>To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of management according to Koontz and O’Donnel?

    <p>Management is defined as the creation and maintenance of an internal environment in an enterprise where individuals working together in groups can perform efficiently and effectively towards the attainment of group goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the salient characteristics of management? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Management is goal-oriented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the three scientific characteristics of ‘science’?

    <p>The principles are exact and also have a universal applicability without any limitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the three important characteristics of ‘art’?

    <p>It is often undertaken to accomplish an end through deliberate efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Management is both a science and an art.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the five basic functions of management? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Controlling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define planning.

    <p>Planning can be described as the process by which managers decide the firm’s mission and goals and take the required steps to achieve the desired goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define controlling.

    <p>Controlling can be defined as the continuous measurement and analysis of actual operations against existing industry standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the 14 principles of management according to Henri Fayol? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Authority and Responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The terms ‘management’ and ‘administration’ are used synonymously.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the three levels of management?

    <p>Supervisory or First-level management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define ‘Manager’.

    <p>A manager is the person in charge of organizing and directing a group of individuals’ work, overseeing their performance, and taking corrective measures if appropriate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three broad headings of Henry Mintzberg’s managerial roles?

    <p>Decision-making Roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of managerial skills identified by Robert L. Katz?

    <p>Human Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of ‘bureaucracy’?

    <p>Bureaucracy is an organization based on rules and regulations, formal relations, specialization, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of ‘scientific management’?

    <p>That form of management that conducts a company or company by established standards, by facts or truths obtained by systematic observation, experimentation or reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Taylor’s five principles of scientific management?

    <p>Harmony in group action, rather than discord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of ‘administrative management’?

    <p>Administrative management focused on principles that managers could use to coordinate the organizations’ internal activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Henri Fayol believed that ‘satisfactory outcomes were unavoidable with proper management techniques and scientific forecasts’

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the six activities Henri Fayol divided business operations into?

    <p>Managerial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The theory of administrative management criticized the classical theorists on several grounds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three viewpoints incorporated in the classical theory of management?

    <p>Weber’s Ideal Bureaucracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The neo-classical theory of management focused on the industrial human dimension.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four basic tenets of the neoclassical or human relations approach?

    <p>Business organization is a social system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the Hawthorne studies?

    <p>The Hawthorne studies were a series of experiments conducted at the Hawthorne Works of Western Electric Company in Chicago from 1927 to 1932, to assess the impact of lighting and other factors on workers’ productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Hawthorne studies indicate about the impact of human factors on worker productivity?

    <p>The group determines the norms of behavior for the group members and thus exercises a powerful influence on the attitudes and performance of individual workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of ‘management by objectives’?

    <p>Management by Objectives (MBO) is a systematic and organized approach that enables management to focus on achievable goals and achieve the best possible outcomes from the resources available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Management by objectives (MBO) was first outlined by Peter Drucker in his book, ‘The Effective Executive’.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four phases of the management by objectives (MBO) process?

    <p>Action Plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Management by objectives (MBO) emphasizes on the participation in setting goals that are tangible, verifiable and measurable.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four major components of a system?

    <p>Outputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of the contingency school of management?

    <p>There is no one right way of handling all problems according to this principle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The organization’s work flow is built around a network of relationships between authority and responsibilities.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The aim of organizing is to create a systemic structure within which managers and others are performing their roles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two sub-processes of the organizing process?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The need for integration occurs because it is important to bring all the distinct units together, otherwise they would remain separated and fragmented.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five benefits of organization?

    <p>Organizational structure provides a mechanism for managers to navigate organizational changes without compromising their cohesion and continuity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five steps in setting standards?

    <p>Standards should be flexible i.e., capable of being changed when the circumstances require so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three steps involved in the control process?

    <p>Taking corrective action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The second step in the control process is to measure the performance and compare it with the predetermined standards.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three actions involved in taking corrective action?

    <p>The manager should try to influence environmental conditions and external situations in such a way as to facilitate the achievement of objectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four types of responsibility centers?

    <p>Profit Centre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central control of cash enables the use of a smaller cash balance than would be the case if each business unit held cash balances sufficient to provide the required buffer for the unevenness of cash inflows and cash outflows.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the purposes of assessing the efficiency of inventories, inventories should be priced at normal or average cost, if the business unit can influence the payment period allowed by creditors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The strategic planning is an excellent resource for management preparation and education; it gives the managers an ability to think about plans and their execution.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Budgeting is used to establish cohesion between an organization’s various departments and emphasizes their interdependence.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Variance analysis is a systematic assessment of variances in an effort to provide managers with valuable knowledge for effectiveness calculation and performance enhancement.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A favorable variance indicates an efficiency and an unfavorable variance indicates the inefficiency of an organization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The incentive compensation system is an important mechanism encouraging and motivating the managers to achieve the objectives of an organization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four key elements of the management by objectives (MBO) process?

    <p>Personal remuneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Strategies describe the general direction in which an organization plans to move to attain its objectives.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The logic for linking controls to strategy is based on the need for different task priorities.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nonprofit organization managers are responsible for designing a proper management control system to ensure resource utilization is effective and efficient.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Professional service organizations have a high reliance on tangible assets.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The aim of a management control system is to ensure that all actions are consistent with the plan.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Planning is required at the outset of the management process.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five elements of the mechanism of international regulation?

    <p>Location of decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Control systems are designed to gather and use data to assess the performance of various organisational resources.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The time rate of change does not affect the accuracy of control systems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The control system should be designed to be sensitive enough to point out deviations from plans immediately.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Control systems should be formal and objective.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The control system should be built into the organizational structure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The control system should be economical to operate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A control system should give due allowance for factors or variables which cannot be controlled.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A control system should be understandable to those whose performance is sought to be regulated.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The responsibility accounting is a system of accounting where an organization’s different sections, divisions and departments are set up as ‘Responsibility Centres.’

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Budgeting is a statement of anticipated results during a designated time period expressed in financial and non-financial terms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A management information system (MIS) is defined as the assemblage of facilities and personnel for collecting, processing, storing, retrieving and transmitting information that is required by one or more managers in the performance of their functions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Management audit is defined as systematic evaluation of the functioning, performance and effectiveness of management of an organisation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The control system should be flexible and forward looking.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A profit center is an organization segment whose manager is responsible for both income and costs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Control in Management

    • Control is exercised using a plan as a basis.
    • Control is not the opposite of freedom; it's based on facts and figures.
    • Control aims to achieve and maintain acceptable productivity from all enterprise resources.
    • Control focuses on results, not on individuals.
    • Control corrects situations, not reprimands people.
    • Information or feedback guides control.
    • Feedback helps managers see if operations align with plans and standards, identifying areas needing improvement.
    • Control involves frequent review of performance standards and results, potentially leading to changes within management functions.
    • Control is a dynamic, ongoing process.
    • Control includes constant analysis.
    • Control helps to ensure order and discipline in an organization.
    • Control aids in determining the accuracy of established standards.
    • Managers, at all levels, need to perform control functions.
    • Control helps improve employee motivation.
    • Control helps optimize resource utilization.
    • Control can be a tool for identifying potential problems early.
    • Control can improve efficiency.
    • Control can improve effectiveness.
    • A control system should be consistent with the organization's structure and reflect relationships between different levels (horizontal and vertical).

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    Description

    Explore the essential principles of control within management. This quiz will cover how control is implemented using plans, emphasizes results over individuals, and relies on feedback for improvement. Understand the dynamic nature of control and its role in maintaining productivity across resources.

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