Contrast Media and Micturating Urethrography Quiz

The concentration of solute particles in a contrast medium, measured in mOsm/kg water.

Contrast media with a higher osmolality than blood plasma, causing water to move out of cells.

Contrast media with the same osmolality as blood plasma, preventing significant water movement.

Unwanted effects resulting from contrast medium use, categorized into idiosyncratic and non-idiosyncratic.

Unpredictable adverse reactions to contrast media, often anaphylactoid, not directly dose-related.

Adverse reactions to contrast media categorized as chemotoxic or osmotoxic.

Methods to decrease the osmotic activity of contrast media, like using large molecules and reducing the number of molecules/ions.

A fluoroscopic test to view the urethra during urination, often using contrast dye.

Used for UTIs, voiding problems, reflux, pre-surgery, post-surgery checks, trauma, and suspected abnormalities of the bladder neck and urethra

Used to examine functional bladder/urethral issues, fistula suspicions, trauma, and urethral diverticula.

Avoid in acute urinary tract infections and contrast dye allergies.

Water-soluble contrast agents like Iopamidol or diluted Urografin.

Fluoroscopy, spot films, radiographic cassettes, contrast dye, catheters (e.g. Foley, infant tube), and related supplies.

Patient urinates before examination. Preliminary films of bladder may be taken.

30° LAO, 30° RAO, Supine AP view

Reaction to contrast dye absorbed through urogenital tissues.

A radiological procedure that visualizes the ureters and kidneys by injecting dye into the ureter.

A radiological procedure to examine salivary glands and ducts using contrast medium.

Salivary stones

The largest major salivary gland.

One of the major salivary glands located under the jaw.

The smallest major salivary gland.

A substance used to highlight structures in X-rays.

Examining the bladder using a thin tube with a camera.

A technique for real-time X-ray imaging.

Conditions that prompt a Sialography procedure.

A diagnostic imaging test that uses X-rays and contrast dye to visualize the fallopian tubes and uterus. It helps identify blockages, abnormalities, and other issues that could affect fertility.

Reasons for performing HSG include infertility, suspected tubal blockage, uterine abnormalities, evaluating tubal surgery results, and ruling out blockages before artificial insemination.

The best time for HSG is between the 8th and 10th day of the menstrual cycle, as the uterus is most receptive to contrast dye during this time.

Patients must abstain from intercourse before the procedure, fast for 4 hours, empty their bladder, and may need premedication. They may be asked to take a laxative or enema the night before.

A radiological examination of a joint using contrast media to visualize and assess its structures for problems like tears, cysts, and loose bodies.

It is performed when a doctor suspects issues in the joint, such as pain, swelling, loss of motion, or trauma.

Arthrography is not done if the joint has infection, certain bone problems, or a condition called reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

There are two main types: radiopaque (positive contrast, visible on X-ray) and radiolucent (negative contrast, showing up as dark areas).

These contrast media show up on X-rays as bright areas and are used to highlight structures within the joint.

These contrast media appear as dark areas on X-rays and are used to create contrast against the bright structures.

Contrast media can be injected directly into the joint space or indirectly into the bloodstream, where it travels to the joint.

Specific equipment is needed, including an X-ray machine, contrast media, a long needle, and protective gear.

The patient must be prepared, including removing any metals or other substances that can affect the X-ray image.

The patient is positioned, and the contrast media is injected into the joint. Then X-rays are taken to visualize the joint structures.