Second messengers Quiz
48 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which receptor is responsible for calcium release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac cells?

  • Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) (correct)
  • L-type calcium channel
  • N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)
  • Inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)

    • What is the regulatory role of calsequestrin (CSQ) in cardiac cells?

  • Removing cytosolic calcium via the SERCA2
  • Promoting calcium release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • Inhibiting calcium release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (correct)
  • Regulating muscle contraction in vascular smooth muscle cells

    • Which regulatory molecule plays a role in regulating cytosolic calcium levels in cardiac cells?

  • Glutamate
  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
  • Protein kinase A (PKA) (correct)
  • Nitric oxide (NO)

    • Where are adrenergic receptors found?

    <p>In vascular smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which G-protein is activated by α1-adrenergic receptors?

    <p>Gq</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of PKA in cardiomyocytes?

    <p>Increases Ca2+ influx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for the release of calcium during cardiac muscle contraction?

    <p>RyR2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of PKP2 in cardiomyocytes?

    <p>Link desmosomes and intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical presentation of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)?

    <p>Palpitations and syncope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Stores and releases calcium during contraction and relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is responsible for vasoconstriction mediated by Gq protein activation?

    <p>Phospholipase C (PLC) Pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for vasodilation by activating guanylyl cyclase and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)?

    <p>Nitric Oxide (NO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) relaxation by inhibiting myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)?

    <p>Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Contraction Dyad in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Plasma membrane of the T-tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the L-Type Ca2+ channel (DHPR) in cardiac muscle contraction?

    <p>It activates the Ryanodine receptor (RyR2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Ryanodine receptor is activated by a tugging motion from the Dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) in skeletal muscle?

    <p>RyR1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Calsequestrin 2 (CSQ2) in cardiac muscle?

    <p>It buffers cytosolic Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are β-AR receptors found?

    <p>In cardiac muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of α1-AR receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which G-protein is activated by β1-AR receptors in the heart?

    <p>Gαs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of PKA in cardiomyocytes?

    <p>Regulates calcium cycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for the activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Calmodulin (CaM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of endothelial factors in vascular smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for vasoconstriction by activating protein kinase C (PKC) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)?

    <p>DAG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for vasodilation by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells?

    <p>NO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule stimulates the release of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and prostacyclin (PGI2) from endothelial cells, leading to vasodilation?

    <p>ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule activates guanylyl cyclase and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), leading to vasodilation?

    <p>NO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway stimulates vasoconstriction by increasing intracellular calcium levels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)?

    <p>Phospholipase C (PLC) pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule inhibits calcium channel and activates myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), promoting relaxation?

    <p>PKG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for the removal of cytosolic calcium in cardiomyocytes?

    <p>Phospholamban (PLB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of protein kinase A (PKA) in regulating cytosolic calcium levels in cardiomyocytes?

    <p>Activates phospholamban (PLB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling mechanism is associated with vasoconstriction in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Gq protein activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regulatory molecule plays a role in calcium-induced-calcium-signaling in cardiomyocytes?

    <p>Calmodulin (CaM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does calcium release occur in cardiac cells?

    <p>Via the ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between muscle contraction in vascular smooth muscle cells and skeletal muscle?

    <p>Vascular smooth muscle cells have a slower contraction and relaxation time compared to skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects heart rate and muscle contraction?

    <p>L-Type Ca2+ channels (DHPR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger (NCX) in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Removes majority of cytosolic Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Ryanodine receptor (RyR2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Removes majority of cytosolic Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a regulatory molecule that inhibits SERCA2 in cardiac cells?

    <p>Phospholamban (PLB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase Type 2 (SERCA2) in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Removes majority of cytosolic Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for transmitting forces across the sarcolemma in cardiomyocytes?

    <p>Plakophilin-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical presentation of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)?

    <p>Arrhythmias and sudden death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Releasing calcium during contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is responsible for the release of calcium during cardiac muscle contraction?

    <p>Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the L-Type Ca2+ channel (DHPR) in cardiac muscle contraction?

    <p>Triggering calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for vasodilation by activating guanylyl cyclase and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)?

    <p>Nitric Oxide (NO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser