Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which receptor is responsible for calcium release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac cells?
Which receptor is responsible for calcium release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac cells?
- Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) (correct)
- L-type calcium channel
- N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)
- Inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)
What is the regulatory role of calsequestrin (CSQ) in cardiac cells?
What is the regulatory role of calsequestrin (CSQ) in cardiac cells?
- Removing cytosolic calcium via the SERCA2
- Promoting calcium release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Inhibiting calcium release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (correct)
- Regulating muscle contraction in vascular smooth muscle cells
Which regulatory molecule plays a role in regulating cytosolic calcium levels in cardiac cells?
Which regulatory molecule plays a role in regulating cytosolic calcium levels in cardiac cells?
- Glutamate
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- Protein kinase A (PKA) (correct)
- Nitric oxide (NO)
Where are adrenergic receptors found?
Where are adrenergic receptors found?
What is the function of β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart?
What is the function of β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart?
Which G-protein is activated by α1-adrenergic receptors?
Which G-protein is activated by α1-adrenergic receptors?
What is the role of PKA in cardiomyocytes?
What is the role of PKA in cardiomyocytes?
Which molecule is responsible for the release of calcium during cardiac muscle contraction?
Which molecule is responsible for the release of calcium during cardiac muscle contraction?
What is the function of PKP2 in cardiomyocytes?
What is the function of PKP2 in cardiomyocytes?
Which of the following is a clinical presentation of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)?
Which of the following is a clinical presentation of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)?
What is the role of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) in cardiac muscle?
What is the role of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) in cardiac muscle?
Which pathway is responsible for vasoconstriction mediated by Gq protein activation?
Which pathway is responsible for vasoconstriction mediated by Gq protein activation?
Which molecule is responsible for vasodilation by activating guanylyl cyclase and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)?
Which molecule is responsible for vasodilation by activating guanylyl cyclase and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)?
Which pathway stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) relaxation by inhibiting myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)?
Which pathway stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) relaxation by inhibiting myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Contraction Dyad in cardiac muscle?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Contraction Dyad in cardiac muscle?
What is the role of the L-Type Ca2+ channel (DHPR) in cardiac muscle contraction?
What is the role of the L-Type Ca2+ channel (DHPR) in cardiac muscle contraction?
Which type of Ryanodine receptor is activated by a tugging motion from the Dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) in skeletal muscle?
Which type of Ryanodine receptor is activated by a tugging motion from the Dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) in skeletal muscle?
What is the function of Calsequestrin 2 (CSQ2) in cardiac muscle?
What is the function of Calsequestrin 2 (CSQ2) in cardiac muscle?
Where are β-AR receptors found?
Where are β-AR receptors found?
What is the function of α1-AR receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells?
What is the function of α1-AR receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells?
Which G-protein is activated by β1-AR receptors in the heart?
Which G-protein is activated by β1-AR receptors in the heart?
What is the role of PKA in cardiomyocytes?
What is the role of PKA in cardiomyocytes?
Which molecule is responsible for the activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in smooth muscle cells?
Which molecule is responsible for the activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in smooth muscle cells?
What is the function of endothelial factors in vascular smooth muscle cells?
What is the function of endothelial factors in vascular smooth muscle cells?
Which molecule is responsible for vasoconstriction by activating protein kinase C (PKC) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)?
Which molecule is responsible for vasoconstriction by activating protein kinase C (PKC) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)?
Which molecule is responsible for vasodilation by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells?
Which molecule is responsible for vasodilation by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells?
Which molecule stimulates the release of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and prostacyclin (PGI2) from endothelial cells, leading to vasodilation?
Which molecule stimulates the release of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and prostacyclin (PGI2) from endothelial cells, leading to vasodilation?
Which molecule activates guanylyl cyclase and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), leading to vasodilation?
Which molecule activates guanylyl cyclase and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), leading to vasodilation?
Which pathway stimulates vasoconstriction by increasing intracellular calcium levels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)?
Which pathway stimulates vasoconstriction by increasing intracellular calcium levels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)?
Which molecule inhibits calcium channel and activates myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), promoting relaxation?
Which molecule inhibits calcium channel and activates myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), promoting relaxation?
Which molecule is responsible for the removal of cytosolic calcium in cardiomyocytes?
Which molecule is responsible for the removal of cytosolic calcium in cardiomyocytes?
What is the role of protein kinase A (PKA) in regulating cytosolic calcium levels in cardiomyocytes?
What is the role of protein kinase A (PKA) in regulating cytosolic calcium levels in cardiomyocytes?
Which signaling mechanism is associated with vasoconstriction in the cardiovascular system?
Which signaling mechanism is associated with vasoconstriction in the cardiovascular system?
Which regulatory molecule plays a role in calcium-induced-calcium-signaling in cardiomyocytes?
Which regulatory molecule plays a role in calcium-induced-calcium-signaling in cardiomyocytes?
How does calcium release occur in cardiac cells?
How does calcium release occur in cardiac cells?
What is the difference between muscle contraction in vascular smooth muscle cells and skeletal muscle?
What is the difference between muscle contraction in vascular smooth muscle cells and skeletal muscle?
Which of the following factors affects heart rate and muscle contraction?
Which of the following factors affects heart rate and muscle contraction?
What is the function of the Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger (NCX) in cardiac muscle?
What is the function of the Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger (NCX) in cardiac muscle?
Which of the following is responsible for calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) in cardiac muscle?
Which of the following is responsible for calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) in cardiac muscle?
What is the role of the Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) in cardiac muscle?
What is the role of the Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) in cardiac muscle?
Which of the following is a regulatory molecule that inhibits SERCA2 in cardiac cells?
Which of the following is a regulatory molecule that inhibits SERCA2 in cardiac cells?
What is the function of the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase Type 2 (SERCA2) in cardiac muscle?
What is the function of the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase Type 2 (SERCA2) in cardiac muscle?
Which protein is responsible for transmitting forces across the sarcolemma in cardiomyocytes?
Which protein is responsible for transmitting forces across the sarcolemma in cardiomyocytes?
What is the clinical presentation of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)?
What is the clinical presentation of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)?
What is the main function of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) in cardiac muscle?
What is the main function of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) in cardiac muscle?
Which type of receptor is responsible for the release of calcium during cardiac muscle contraction?
Which type of receptor is responsible for the release of calcium during cardiac muscle contraction?
What is the role of the L-Type Ca2+ channel (DHPR) in cardiac muscle contraction?
What is the role of the L-Type Ca2+ channel (DHPR) in cardiac muscle contraction?
Which molecule is responsible for vasodilation by activating guanylyl cyclase and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)?
Which molecule is responsible for vasodilation by activating guanylyl cyclase and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)?
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