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Questions and Answers
What does IUI stand for in the context of assisted reproductive techniques?
What does IUI stand for in the context of assisted reproductive techniques?
- Intrauterine Insemination (correct)
- Invitro Uterine Implantation
- Intracervical Uterine Infusion
- Intravenous Uterine Injection
Which of the following is NOT a factor deterring the adoption of assisted reproductive techniques?
Which of the following is NOT a factor deterring the adoption of assisted reproductive techniques?
- Emotional factors
- Social factors
- Religious factors
- Availability of affordable options (correct)
Which of the following statements is TRUE about assisted reproductive techniques?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about assisted reproductive techniques?
- They are widely available and accessible to all sections of society
- They require simple instrumentation and can be performed by any healthcare professional
- They are the only option for couples looking for parenthood
- They require extremely high precision handling by specialized professionals and expensive instrumentation (correct)
What is the primary step towards reproductive health, as mentioned in the text?
What is the primary step towards reproductive health, as mentioned in the text?
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What is mentioned in the text as one of the best methods for couples looking for parenthood in India?
What is mentioned in the text as one of the best methods for couples looking for parenthood in India?
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Study Notes
Contraception Methods
- Barrier methods prevent conception by blocking sperm entry through the cervix and are reusable.
- Spermicidal creams, jellies, and foams are often used with barriers to increase their contraceptive efficiency.
Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs)
- IUDs are inserted into the uterus by doctors or expert nurses and increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.
- Copper-releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity.
- Hormone-releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20) make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms.
Oral Contraceptives
- Pills contain small doses of progestogens or progestogen-estrogen combinations and must be taken daily for 21 days, starting within the first five days of the menstrual cycle.
- Pills inhibit ovulation and implantation and alter the quality of cervical mucus to prevent sperm entry.
Injectables and Implants
- Progestogens alone or in combination with estrogen can be used as injections or implants under the skin.
- Their mode of action is similar to pills, and their effective periods are much longer.
Emergency Contraception
- Administration of progestogens or progestogen-estrogen combinations or IUDs within 72 hours of coitus can be used as emergency contraceptives.
Surgical Methods
- Surgical methods, also called sterilization, are generally advised as a terminal method to prevent pregnancy.
Medical Termination of Pregnancy
- The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2017 was enacted to reduce illegal abortion and maternal mortality and morbidity.
Reproductive Health
- Reproductive health refers to total well-being in all aspects of reproduction, including physical, emotional, behavioral, and social.
- Counselling and creating awareness among people about reproductive organs, adolescence, and associated changes, safe and hygienic sexual practices, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including AIDS are essential for reproductive health.
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