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In operant conditioning, a continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF) is one in which:
In operant conditioning, a continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF) is one in which:
When the behavior of flicking the light switch results in the light coming on each time, it is on a(n) _____________ schedule of reinforcement.
When the behavior of flicking the light switch results in the light coming on each time, it is on a(n) _____________ schedule of reinforcement.
The behavior of starting your car in very cold weather, where you are sometimes unable to start it, is on a(n) _____________ schedule of reinforcement.
The behavior of starting your car in very cold weather, where you are sometimes unable to start it, is on a(n) _____________ schedule of reinforcement.
What does Fixed Ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement entail?
What does Fixed Ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement entail?
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A Variable Interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement entails that:
A Variable Interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement entails that:
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What is the distinguishing feature of an intermittent (partial) reinforcement schedule (PRF)?
What is the distinguishing feature of an intermittent (partial) reinforcement schedule (PRF)?
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What type of schedule generally produces high rates of response with short postreinforcement pauses?
What type of schedule generally produces high rates of response with short postreinforcement pauses?
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Which schedule produces a 'scalloped' pattern of responding, consisting of a postreinforcement pause followed by a gradually increasing rate of response as the interval draws to a close?
Which schedule produces a 'scalloped' pattern of responding, consisting of a postreinforcement pause followed by a gradually increasing rate of response as the interval draws to a close?
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Which schedule usually produces a moderate, steady rate of response with little or no postreinforcement pause?
Which schedule usually produces a moderate, steady rate of response with little or no postreinforcement pause?
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In which type of schedule does reinforcement depend on a varying, unpredictable number of responses?
In which type of schedule does reinforcement depend on a varying, unpredictable number of responses?
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What type of schedule requires the first response after a fixed, predictable period of time?
What type of schedule requires the first response after a fixed, predictable period of time?
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Which schedule leads to longer postreinforcement pauses with higher ratio requirements?
Which schedule leads to longer postreinforcement pauses with higher ratio requirements?
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In which schedule does reinforcement depend on the first response after a varying, unpredictable period of time?
In which schedule does reinforcement depend on the first response after a varying, unpredictable period of time?
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Which schedule produces little or no postreinforcement pausing because it provides the possibility of relatively immediate reinforcement?
Which schedule produces little or no postreinforcement pausing because it provides the possibility of relatively immediate reinforcement?
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When reinforcement is largely time contingent, what is the effect on the rapidity of responses in some schedules?
When reinforcement is largely time contingent, what is the effect on the rapidity of responses in some schedules?
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What type of schedule necessarily produces postreinforcement pauses because the next reinforcer is quite distant?
What type of schedule necessarily produces postreinforcement pauses because the next reinforcer is quite distant?
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In what type of schedule does reinforcement depend upon the number of responses required for a reward?
In what type of schedule does reinforcement depend upon the number of responses required for a reward?
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In which schedule, the person's behavior is reinforced on the basis of looking for the bus at specific times?
In which schedule, the person's behavior is reinforced on the basis of looking for the bus at specific times?
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According to the text, drive reduction theory proposes that a reinforcer is a stimulus that ____________.
According to the text, drive reduction theory proposes that a reinforcer is a stimulus that ____________.
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Which of the following is an example of drive reduction, as mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is an example of drive reduction, as mentioned in the text?
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According to the Premack principle, reinforcers can be behaviors rather than stimuli. Which of the following is an application of this principle, as mentioned in the text?
According to the Premack principle, reinforcers can be behaviors rather than stimuli. Which of the following is an application of this principle, as mentioned in the text?
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Which theory proposes that a stimulus can be a reinforcer by inducing a drive rather than reducing an existing one?
Which theory proposes that a stimulus can be a reinforcer by inducing a drive rather than reducing an existing one?
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What does research suggest about small rewards compared to one large reward, as mentioned in the text?
What does research suggest about small rewards compared to one large reward, as mentioned in the text?
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Which of the following is an example of drive induction, according to the text?
Which of the following is an example of drive induction, according to the text?
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In which context can the Premack principle be applied, as per the text?
In which context can the Premack principle be applied, as per the text?
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What type of reinforcers does the Premack principle suggest can reinforce less probable behaviors?
What type of reinforcers does the Premack principle suggest can reinforce less probable behaviors?
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According to the text, what makes food a common reinforcer?
According to the text, what makes food a common reinforcer?
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Which theory proposes that some reinforcers are not directly linked to drive reduction?
Which theory proposes that some reinforcers are not directly linked to drive reduction?
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According to the Premack principle, reinforcers can often be viewed as ________ rather than stimuli.
According to the Premack principle, reinforcers can often be viewed as ________ rather than stimuli.
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The Premack principle states that a _____ ____ behavior can be used as a reinforcer for a _____ ____ behavior.
The Premack principle states that a _____ ____ behavior can be used as a reinforcer for a _____ ____ behavior.
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If 'play video games' is a diagram of a reinforcement procedure based on the Premack principle, then 'chewing bubble gum' must be a (lower/higher) _______ probability behavior than playing video games.
If 'play video games' is a diagram of a reinforcement procedure based on the Premack principle, then 'chewing bubble gum' must be a (lower/higher) _______ probability behavior than playing video games.
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A behavior can be used as a reinforcer if access to the behavior is restricted so that its frequency falls below its baseline rate (preferred level) of occurrence. This concept is known as ________.
A behavior can be used as a reinforcer if access to the behavior is restricted so that its frequency falls below its baseline rate (preferred level) of occurrence. This concept is known as ________.
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If a child normally watches 4 hours of television per night, we can make television watching a reinforcer if we restrict free access to the television to (more/less)_______ than 4 hours per night.
If a child normally watches 4 hours of television per night, we can make television watching a reinforcer if we restrict free access to the television to (more/less)_______ than 4 hours per night.
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According to the Premack principle, walking through the woods could still be used as a reinforcer for yardwork given that one restricts the frequency of walking to ______ its ________ level.
According to the Premack principle, walking through the woods could still be used as a reinforcer for yardwork given that one restricts the frequency of walking to ______ its ________ level.
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Kaily typically watches television for 4 hours per day and reads comic books for 1 hour per day. You then set up a contingency whereby Kaily must watch 4.5 hours of television each day in order to have access to her comic books. According to the Premack principle, this will likely be an (effective/ineffective) __________ contingency.
Kaily typically watches television for 4 hours per day and reads comic books for 1 hour per day. You then set up a contingency whereby Kaily must watch 4.5 hours of television each day in order to have access to her comic books. According to the Premack principle, this will likely be an (effective/ineffective) __________ contingency.
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Drinking a soda to quench your thirst is an example of _______ reduction; drinking a soda because you love its sweetness is an example of _______ motivation.
Drinking a soda to quench your thirst is an example of _______ reduction; drinking a soda because you love its sweetness is an example of _______ motivation.
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The erosion effect, as mentioned in the text, refers to ________.
The erosion effect, as mentioned in the text, refers to ________.
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If a rat is allowed free access to a running wheel for only 15 minutes per day instead of its usual 1 hour, it will be unable to reach its preferred level of running. This scenario exemplifies ________.
If a rat is allowed free access to a running wheel for only 15 minutes per day instead of its usual 1 hour, it will be unable to reach its preferred level of running. This scenario exemplifies ________.
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The concept that frequency of one behavior relative to its baseline is important, as mentioned by Allison & Timberlake, is known as ________.
The concept that frequency of one behavior relative to its baseline is important, as mentioned by Allison & Timberlake, is known as ________.
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Study Notes
- Ahmet's behavior of asking Ayse for a date is most similar to a "drive reduction" schedule of reinforcement, according to the text.
- Drive reduction theory, proposed by Clark Hull, suggests that a reinforcer is a stimulus that reduces a physiological drive.
- Food is a common reinforcer due to the reduction of hunger drive when consumed.
- Research shows that several small rewards (food pellets) are more effective reinforcers than one large reward.
- Some reinforcers, such as a rat pressing a lever for access to a running wheel, are not directly linked to drive reduction.
- Drive induction theory, proposed by Sheffield, suggests that a stimulus can be a reinforcer by inducing a drive rather than reducing an existing one.
- Sexual behavior is an example of drive induction, as the desire for sexual contact is induced through exposure to stimuli.
- Premack principle, proposed by Premack, suggests that reinforcers can be behaviors rather than stimuli and that more probable behaviors can reinforce less probable ones.
- The Premack principle can be applied in various settings, such as reinforcing a low-probability behavior with a high-probability behavior.
- The text mentions several examples of the application of drive reduction and drive induction theories in various contexts, including animal learning, sexual behavior, and commercials.
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Description
Test your knowledge of reinforcement schedules by identifying the most similar schedule to the contingency governing Ahmet's behavior in asking Ayşe for a date. Explore theories of reinforcement and their applications in behavior analysis.
