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Questions and Answers
What term refers to a particular cultural image or phenomenon expressed by the process of signification?
What term refers to a particular cultural image or phenomenon expressed by the process of signification?
- Connotation
- Myth (correct)
- Signified
- Denotation
According to K.Barancovaitė-Skindaravičienė, what factor is critiqued for its lack in the theory of language?
According to K.Barancovaitė-Skindaravičienė, what factor is critiqued for its lack in the theory of language?
- Pragmatic factor
- Emotional factor
- Social factor (correct)
- Historical factor
In F.de Saussure's relational theory of language, how is meaning produced?
In F.de Saussure's relational theory of language, how is meaning produced?
- By mirroring the signifier
- By reflecting reality accurately
- By conforming to cultural norms
- By establishing differences in relation to other objects (correct)
What is the primary function of a myth, as described by R.Barthes?
What is the primary function of a myth, as described by R.Barthes?
According to K.Barancovaitė-Skindaravičienė, what does the language NOT simply do to reality?
According to K.Barancovaitė-Skindaravičienė, what does the language NOT simply do to reality?
What is the term that refers to the message conveyed by a certain discourse?
What is the term that refers to the message conveyed by a certain discourse?
"Meaning can be made horizontally and vertically" refers to which two axes as per F.de Saussure?
"Meaning can be made horizontally and vertically" refers to which two axes as per F.de Saussure?
"Myths and counter myths" provide a double function according to R.Barthes. What is this double function?
"Myths and counter myths" provide a double function according to R.Barthes. What is this double function?
According to mass society theory, what was seen as a disruptive consequence of industrialization and urbanization?
According to mass society theory, what was seen as a disruptive consequence of industrialization and urbanization?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mass culture, according to mass society theory?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mass culture, according to mass society theory?
How did mass society theory perceive the relationship between folk culture and mass culture?
How did mass society theory perceive the relationship between folk culture and mass culture?
According to mass society theory, what was the impact of mass culture on values?
According to mass society theory, what was the impact of mass culture on values?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic attributed to mass culture by mass society theory?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic attributed to mass culture by mass society theory?
According to mass society theory, what was the perception of the masses regarding taste?
According to mass society theory, what was the perception of the masses regarding taste?
How did mass society theory characterize the relationship between the past and the present/future?
How did mass society theory characterize the relationship between the past and the present/future?
According to mass society theory, what was the impact of mass culture on moral integration?
According to mass society theory, what was the impact of mass culture on moral integration?
What is the primary function of the culture industry?
What is the primary function of the culture industry?
Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of a false need created by the culture industry?
Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of a false need created by the culture industry?
How are cultural products characterized?
How are cultural products characterized?
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the culture industry and the masses, according to the text?
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the culture industry and the masses, according to the text?
What is the primary purpose of the culture industry's creation of false needs?
What is the primary purpose of the culture industry's creation of false needs?
What is the relationship between exchange value and use value, as discussed in the text?
What is the relationship between exchange value and use value, as discussed in the text?
What is the role of semiology in understanding the culture industry?
What is the role of semiology in understanding the culture industry?
Which of the following statements best represents the text's portrayal of consumer freedom in the culture industry?
Which of the following statements best represents the text's portrayal of consumer freedom in the culture industry?
What should a researcher attempt to look for regarding myths created by popular culture?
What should a researcher attempt to look for regarding myths created by popular culture?
What is the example of semiotic analysis mentioned in the text?
What is the example of semiotic analysis mentioned in the text?
What is the periodization of Valentine's Day in Japan?
What is the periodization of Valentine's Day in Japan?
What is the development of gender image in Valentine's Day-related advertisements in Japan?
What is the development of gender image in Valentine's Day-related advertisements in Japan?
Based on the images mentioned in the text, what signifiers of modern femininity can be observed?
Based on the images mentioned in the text, what signifiers of modern femininity can be observed?
What signifiers of modern masculinity can be observed in the images?
What signifiers of modern masculinity can be observed in the images?
What does the term 'tomo-choko' refer to in the context of Valentine's Day in Japan?
What does the term 'tomo-choko' refer to in the context of Valentine's Day in Japan?
What does the term 'gyaku-choko' refer to in the context of Valentine's Day in Japan?
What does the term 'gyaku-choko' refer to in the context of Valentine's Day in Japan?
What is the central concept of structuralism as described in the text?
What is the central concept of structuralism as described in the text?
What is the purpose of the Kishootenketsu storytelling structure in Asian narratives?
What is the purpose of the Kishootenketsu storytelling structure in Asian narratives?
Based on the information provided, what is a common element in role-playing games (RPGs)?
Based on the information provided, what is a common element in role-playing games (RPGs)?
What is the significance of the quote about the daughters of Itoya in Osaka?
What is the significance of the quote about the daughters of Itoya in Osaka?
What can be inferred about the popularity of certain game genres in Japan based on the information provided?
What can be inferred about the popularity of certain game genres in Japan based on the information provided?
What is the significance of the video clips mentioned in the text?
What is the significance of the video clips mentioned in the text?
Based on the information provided, what is a common characteristic of cultural products according to structuralism?
Based on the information provided, what is a common characteristic of cultural products according to structuralism?
What is the purpose of including multiple media examples (K-pop music videos, TV shows) in the text?
What is the purpose of including multiple media examples (K-pop music videos, TV shows) in the text?
What is the key element of the Kishootenketsu storytelling structure?
What is the key element of the Kishootenketsu storytelling structure?
Which factor is NOT cited as influencing the popularity of cultural products based on structuralism?
Which factor is NOT cited as influencing the popularity of cultural products based on structuralism?
What elements are typically present in Role-playing games (RPGs)?
What elements are typically present in Role-playing games (RPGs)?
What distinguishes the daughters of Itoya in Osaka according to the provided text?
What distinguishes the daughters of Itoya in Osaka according to the provided text?
Which of the following is NOT an essential element in the structuralism Systems of culture based on the structure of oppositions?
Which of the following is NOT an essential element in the structuralism Systems of culture based on the structure of oppositions?
What is a common characteristic of mass culture identified by mass society theory?
What is a common characteristic of mass culture identified by mass society theory?
What is NOT typically a characteristic of protagonists in Role-playing games (RPGs)?
What is NOT typically a characteristic of protagonists in Role-playing games (RPGs)?
According to structuralism, what role does the audience's childishness play in the popularity of cultural products?
According to structuralism, what role does the audience's childishness play in the popularity of cultural products?
What distinguishes the storytelling structure Kishootenketsu from Western narrative structures?
What distinguishes the storytelling structure Kishootenketsu from Western narrative structures?
How do culturally specific contexts influence the popularity of cultural products according to structuralism?
How do culturally specific contexts influence the popularity of cultural products according to structuralism?
Study Notes
Language and Culture
- Langue and parole: system/structure of language and practical language culture as a system
- Signifier and signified = a sign
- Denotation: literal meaning of a sign
- Connotation: cultural or emotional association of a sign
- Myth: a set of ideas and practices that promotes the values and interests of dominant groups in society
Semiology
- The science of signs: systems of signification, means by which human beings communicate by signals
- F. de Saussure's relational theory of language:
- Meaning is produced by establishing difference in relation to other objects
- Meaning can be made horizontally (syntagmatic axis) and vertically (paradigmatic axis)
- Substitution of elements
- Language does not simply reflect reality, but shapes what constitutes reality
Cultural Myths
- R. Barthes: myth is a set of ideas and practices that promotes the values and interests of dominant groups in society
- Originates at the secondary signification level (connotation)
- Primary signification: signifier and denotation
- Secondary signification: signifier and connotation
- Signified: message of a certain discourse
Mass Society Theory
- Originated in the 19th century
- Disruptive consequences of industrialization and urbanization:
- Destruction of village communities
- Decline of religion
- Absence of moral integration
- Atomization of people
- Mass society as 'atomized' society and mass culture as source of ineffective morality
Culture Industry
- Mass culture:
- Standardized
- Superficial
- An easy escapism
- Discourages thinking and intellectual challenge
- Democratic
- Destroying values
- False needs:
- Social status
- Entertainment
- Emotion
- Competition
- Recognition and rewards
- Coolness
- False needs and false solutions:
- Consumerism and popular culture as creators and satisfactors of false needs
- Conceal true needs
- The notion of freedom in culture industry:
- Are consumers of popular culture free in their choices?
Structuralism
- Systems of culture based on the structure of oppositions
- The popularity of cultural products depends on certain structure of oppositions:
- Repetition of a habitual scheme
- Universal themes
- Ideologies determined by the demands of mass culture
- Childishness of audience
- Historically specific contexts
Japanese Popular Culture
- Kishootenketsu storytelling structure in Asia:
- Ki- introduction
- Sho- development
- Ten- twist
- Ketsu- conclusion
- The most popular PC/console game genres in Japan in 2023:
- RPG (Role-playing games)
- Elements of RPG:
- Antagonists
- Protagonist
- Objective
- Helpers
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Description
Explore key theories in popular culture studies including Mass Society Theory, The Frankfurt School, Commodity Fetishism, and Semiology. Dive into the concepts of structuralism and the works of K.Barancovaitė-Skindaravičienė. Understand the origins, disruptive consequences, and societal implications associated with mass society theory.