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Questions and Answers
What is a primary factor in determining the prevalence of contemporary health issues in Australia?
What is a primary factor in determining the prevalence of contemporary health issues in Australia?
- Environmental factors
- Socioeconomic status (correct)
- Genetic predisposition
- Accessibility to healthcare services
Which of the following is a reason why infectious diseases may vary in prevalence between ethnic groups in Australia?
Which of the following is a reason why infectious diseases may vary in prevalence between ethnic groups in Australia?
- Variations in food handling practices
- Genetic differences in susceptibility (correct)
- Different levels of exposure to infectious agents
- Differences in vaccination rates
Why do non-infectious diseases often have a higher prevalence in rural areas of Australia?
Why do non-infectious diseases often have a higher prevalence in rural areas of Australia?
- Increased exposure to environmental toxins
- Higher rates of physical inactivity
- Reduced access to healthcare services (correct)
- Limited access to healthy food options
What is a key reason why health issues may vary between locations throughout Australia?
What is a key reason why health issues may vary between locations throughout Australia?
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Which of the following is a reason why some ethnic groups in Australia may be more susceptible to certain health issues?
Which of the following is a reason why some ethnic groups in Australia may be more susceptible to certain health issues?
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Study Notes
Determining Contemporary Health Issues in Australia
- Contemporary health issues in Australia are determined by various factors, including incidence and prevalence rates, mortality rates, morbidity rates, and quality of life indicators.
- Data sources used to determine contemporary health issues include:
- National Health Surveys
- Disease registries
- Administrative data (e.g. hospital admissions, Medicare claims)
- Research studies
- Surveillance systems (e.g. for infectious diseases)
Origins and Reasons for Common Health Issues
Infectious Diseases
- Common infectious diseases in Australia include:
- Influenza
- Pneumococcal disease
- Tuberculosis
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Reasons for these diseases include:
- Microbial adaptation and mutation
- Global travel and trade
- Human behavior and lifestyle factors (e.g. poor hygiene, unsafe sex)
- Environmental factors (e.g. climate change)
Non-Infectious Diseases/Disorders
- Common non-infectious diseases/disorders in Australia include:
- Cardiovascular disease
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Mental health disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety)
- Reasons for these diseases/disorders include:
- Genetic predisposition
- Lifestyle factors (e.g. physical inactivity, poor diet)
- Environmental factors (e.g. air pollution, socioeconomic disadvantage)
- Sociocultural factors (e.g. cultural norms, social isolation)
Variations between Ethnic Groups and Locations
- Health issues can vary between ethnic groups due to:
- Genetic differences
- Cultural and lifestyle differences
- Access to healthcare and health literacy differences
- Health issues can vary between locations due to:
- Environmental factors (e.g. climate, air quality)
- Access to healthcare and health services
- Socioeconomic factors (e.g. poverty, education level)
- Examples of variations include:
- Higher rates of diabetes in Indigenous Australians
- Higher rates of cardiovascular disease in rural areas
- Higher rates of mental health disorders in urban areas
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