Determinants of Health and Disparities

Determinants of Health

• Biological factors: genetics, age, sex
• Environmental factors: air and water quality, climate, living conditions
• Lifestyle factors: diet, physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol consumption
• Social and economic factors: education, income, occupation, social support

Health Disparities

• Health inequities: unfair and avoidable differences in health outcomes between populations
• Social determinants of health: factors that influence health outcomes, such as housing, transportation, and access to healthcare

Disease Classification

• Infectious diseases: caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
• Chronic diseases: long-term conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease
• Mental health disorders: anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, etc.

Disease Transmission

• Direct transmission: direct contact with an infected individual or contaminated surface
• Indirect transmission: through vectors (insects, animals) or contaminated food and water
• Airborne transmission: through respiratory droplets

Epidemiology

• Incidence: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific time period
• Prevalence: total number of cases of a disease in a population at a specific time point
• Mortality rate: number of deaths due to a disease in a population over a specific time period

Prevention and Control

• Primary prevention: preventing disease occurrence through health promotion and specific protection (e.g., vaccines)
• Secondary prevention: early detection and treatment of disease to prevent complications
• Tertiary prevention: managing disease to prevent further complications and improving quality of life

Determinants of Health

• Biological factors that influence health include genetics, age, and sex
• Environmental factors affecting health comprise air and water quality, climate, and living conditions
• Lifestyle factors that impact health include diet, physical activity, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption
• Social and economic factors that influence health outcomes are education, income, occupation, and social support

Health Disparities

• Health inequities refer to unfair and avoidable differences in health outcomes between populations
• Social determinants of health shape health outcomes, including housing, transportation, and access to healthcare

Disease Classification

• Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
• Chronic diseases are long-term conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease
• Mental health disorders include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and others

Disease Transmission

• Direct transmission occurs through direct contact with an infected individual or contaminated surface
• Indirect transmission occurs through vectors (insects, animals) or contaminated food and water
• Airborne transmission happens through respiratory droplets

Epidemiology

• Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific time period
• Prevalence is the total number of cases of a disease in a population at a specific time point
• Mortality rate is the number of deaths due to a disease in a population over a specific time period

Prevention and Control

• Primary prevention involves preventing disease occurrence through health promotion and specific protection (e.g., vaccines)
• Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of disease to prevent complications
• Tertiary prevention involves managing disease to prevent further complications and improving quality of life

This quiz covers the factors that influence health outcomes, including biological, environmental, lifestyle, and social determinants. It also explores health disparities and inequities.