Contemporary Art: Minimalism and Cubism

Contemporary Art Techniques

• Minimalism uses geometric shapes in simple arrangements without decorative flourishes.
• Geometric shapes represent the "bare bones" form, simplifying abstract art.
• This movement exists in visual art and music.
• It aims to expose the essence or identity of a subject through simplicity.
• Cubism is a modern art style by Pablo Picasso and George Braques.
• It was the first abstract art style that evolved during the 20th century.
• Cubists challenged conventional forms of representation.
• Social Realism is a realistic depiction meant as social or political commentary.
• Found objects originate from the French "objet trouvé," using undisguised objects not usually considered art materials, as they already have a non-art function.
• Large Scale Arts include works playing with scale with an example being Juan Luna Spoliarium displayed at the National Museum.
• Digital Arts use digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process.
• It can also include animation, 3D virtual sculpture, and combination of technologies.
• Collage is made by adhering flat elements like newspaper cut-outs, printed text, and photographs to create a thick layer.
• Décalcomanie involves applying gouache to paper or glass and transferring a reversal of the image to another surface.
• Découpage is done by adhering cut-outs of paper and coating them with transparent varnish.
• Graffiti includes writing or drawings scribed, scratched, or painted illicitly on a wall or other public surface.
• It can express social and political messages and is often spray paint-based.
• Land Art, or earth works links landscape and art, using natural materials like soil, rocks and water.
• Mixed Media combines various traditionally distinct visual arts.
• Print Making involves making artworks by painting, transferring ink from a matrix or prepared screen to paper.
• Frottage involves rubbing with crayons on paper placed over an object or image to create an impression.
• Egg Shell Mosaic is an artistic technique that uses tiny pieces of eggshell to create an object usually assembled using small tiles that are square, but they can also be round or randomly shaped.
• Trapunto Painting is a technique where canvases are padded, sewn, and filled with materials.

Local Art Materials

• Abaca belongs to the Banana Family has a natural luster.
• Its color ranges from pure white to dark brown.
• Eastern Visayas is the widest supplier of this material.
• Examples are Slippers, Ropes, Hammock, Frame, Twine, Display Jar, and Chelsea Chair.
• Bakbak is the outermost covering or leaf sheath of the abaca stalk.
• It can be used flat, thick, durable sheath as twine or braided.
• The strong brown fiber makes furniture like the products; Mat, Bangkauy bin, Display jar, and Cecilia Dining Table.
• Bamboo is a raw material used in constructing, textiles, musical instruments, and weapons.
• La Union, Pampanga, Capiz, Cebu, and Bukidnon are abundant in this material
• Examples include Kubing, Bungkaka, Tongatong, Angklung, Pateteg, & Gabbang
• Buntal is a cylindrically shaped fiber that is supple, ivory, and durable.
• Noted producers are the provinces of Bohol, Pangasinan, Marinduque, and Quezon.
• It can be used to make Pen holders, Picture Frames, File trays, & window Blinds.
• Coir is the fibrous material surrounding the fruit of the coconut tree.
• Calabarzon, Northern Mindanao and Davao Region are abundant in this fiber material.
• Examples include Carpets, Wall coverings, Doormats, Geo textiles.
• Nito is a plant found abundantly in the hinterland of Mindanao, within the fern family.
• Examples include Bags, Bread trays, Lampshades, Display Jars.
• Pandan is a tropical plant processed into splits, with the material abundant in Calatrava in the Visayas.
• Examples made with this natural material are bags, picture frames, & hats.
• Rattan belongs to the palm family with types like high or low climbers, single stemmed or clustered species.
• Examples include Baskets, Zoya lounge chairs, Valencia Beds, and Rest divans.
• Tikog belongs to sea grasses, and is a native reed plant for mat weaving.
• Table mats and waste bins can be created with this material.

Media and Information Literacy

• Media refers to the communication channels for disseminating news, music, education, and other data.

Types of Media

Print Media

• One of the oldest forms of mass communication using paper and ink.
• Newspapers are a major source of information, either national or local, daily or weekly.
• Broadsheets focus on formal events, while tabloids focus on famous people.
• Magazines are specialized advertising media used to serve educational, informational, and entertainment needs.
• Consumer magazines focus on stories of famous people, while business magazines cater to businesses.
• Other forms include Billboards, flyers, books, and newsletters.

Broadcast Media

• Various media channels or broadcasters communicate with the public.
• Television serves as a principal source of information and entertainment.
• Radio involves the transmission of signals using radio stations through AM and FM radio.

Digital/New Media

• Information shared through a digital device or screen.
• It relies on an electronic device for creation, distribution, viewing, and storage.
• Social media focuses on communication, community input, and content sharing.
• Video sharing websites allow for public or invited sharing of video clips.
• Online games are played through the Internet with a high-speed connection and hardware.
• Other forms include websites, e-mail, podcasts, and vlogs.
• Media Convergence refers to merging different types of mass media.

People Media

• Refers to individuals who play a significant role in disseminating information, influencing public opinion, and shaping media content.

Categories

• People As Media (PAM) act as channels of information without being professional journalists
  • Examples include teachers explaining the news in class
• People In Media (PIM) include media professionals working within the media industry. Examples include journalists and broadcasters.

Characteristics

• Active and Engaging encourages people to actively communicate and share opinions with their audience.
• Credibility and Influence depends as some are trusted experts, while others spread false information.
• Diverse Backgrounds with people in media come from different fields to make the information varied and unique.

Format and Types

• Types of People as Media (Non-professionals as Information Sources)

• Opinion leaders are respected individuals.

• Citizen journalists are ordinary people who report news.

• Social Media Influencers promote ideas, products, or opinions.

• Educators and Subject Matter Experts have expertise in specific fields.

• People in Media (Professionals in the Media Industry)

• Journalists and Reporters write and report news.

• TV and Radio Broadcasters are anchors and hosts who communicate news.

• Filmmakers and Content Creators produce film and digital content.

Advantages and Disadvantages

• Credibility allows People Media to provide firsthand and expert information, but some sources spread fake news.
• Engagement allows for direct interaction with the audience, but information can be misleading.
• Accessibility makes information available anytime and anywhere, but the amount can lead to overload.
• Diversity offers different perspectives, but some lack proper research.

Applications of People Media in Education

• Teachers share knowledge through lectures and instructional videos.
• Online Learning Platforms provide educational content.
• Student Journalism allows students to develop media literacy.
• Digital People Media uses digital media platforms to share and consume information.
• Facebook and Twitter offer news updates and discussions.
• YouTube and TikTok have educational videos and tutorials.
• Podcasts have audio discussions on various topics.

General Chemistry 2

Types and Properties of Solid

• Types of Solid

• Ionic Solids are made of ions held together by electrostatic interactions.

• Metallic solids are made of metal atoms with valence electrons that can be lost or gained.

• Covalent solids are made of atoms or molecules held together by covalent bonds.

• Molecular solids are made of molecules held together by weak forces.

• Amorphous solids are made of atoms arranged irregularly.

• Crystalline solids are made of atoms arranged in a regular geometric lattice.

• Properties of Solid

• Shape are definite and cannot flow.

• Volume are definite and cannot be compressed.

• Density is high.

• Particle arrangement is fixed.

• Intermolecular forces are strong.

• Melting point is high.

• Thermal conductivity varies.

Physical Properties of Solutions

• Solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent.
• Solute is the substance being dissolved.
• Solvent is the dissolving medium.
• Solutions can be solid, liquid, or gas.
• Aqueous solutions use water as the solvent.
• A Binary solution is made of 2 components.
• Unsaturated solution contains less solute than a saturated solution.
• Saturated solution has dissolved as much solute as it can.
• Supersaturated solution contains more solute than the solvent can dissolve.
• Solubility is the amount of solute in grams in 100 grams to prepare a Saturated Solution.

PE and Health

Aquatic Sports

• Activities taking place in or on water.
• Water has buoyancy so objects or people float, and hydrostatic pressure to balance people.
• The 19th century was the peak of development.
• Surfing was invented in Hawaii
• Diving became a competitive sport in UK
• Swimming was part of the first modern Olympic games in 1896 in Athens.

Examples of Aquatic Sports

• Snorkeling involves breathing underwater with a snorkel.
• Canoeing involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle.
• Diving involves executing dives into the water.
• Swimming involves swimming a defined distance.

Types of Swim Strokes

• Freestyle is the fastest stroke that involves alternating arm movements with a flutter kick.
• Technique includes face down circular motion, with breathing on the side.
• Backstroke swims on back alternating arm movements.
• Keep the head steady, and use strong, straight arm pulls.
• Breaststroke swims making a frog-like kick and a circular arm motion.
• Timing is key, with the arms and legs working in sync.
• Butterfly requires powerful arms a simultaneous arms and dolphin kick.
• Use the body undulation motion.

Benefits

• Whole body workout to Condition the entire body.
• Prevent Overheating to dispenses heat better than air.
• Low risk of injury to have no need to stress bones and joints due to water's buoyancy.
• Prevent high blood pressure to give water's relaxing qualities.
• Stress relief creates Meditative properties of water to promote less stress.