Container Orchestration Platforms
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Questions and Answers

Which company started the development of Kubernetes?

  • Amazon
  • Microsoft
  • Cloud Native Computing Foundation
  • Google (correct)

    • What is the current version of Kubernetes?

  • 1.0
  • 1.30 (correct)
  • 2.0
  • 1.20

    • What is a key feature of Kubernetes that allows for automated deployment and replication of containers?

  • Rolling upgrades of application containers
  • Automated deployment and replication of containers (correct)
  • Controlled exposure of network ports to systems outside of the cluster
  • Online scale-in or scale-out of container clusters

    • Which of the following is NOT a key feature of Kubernetes?

    <p>Continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the abbreviation "K8s"?

    <p>Kubernetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Kubernetes composed of?

    <p>A cluster for running applications and an orchestrator of cloud-native microservices apps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Kubernetes considered to be?

    <p>An operating system for the cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the control plane in a Kubernetes cluster?

    <p>To assign work to nodes and provide an API</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Container Runtime Interface (CRI)?

    <p>To provide an abstraction layer for 3rd-party container runtimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Runtime Classes in Kubernetes?

    <p>To configure the container runtime with respect to performance or security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are applications managed in Kubernetes?

    <p>Declaratively, by describing how to run the application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of declarative management in Kubernetes?

    <p>The implementation is entirely on Kubernetes, which oversees the application during runtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of cloud native software architectures?

    <p>They use new methods to solve business problems that can only be achieved at the scale of cloud computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cloud providers does not bill for an empty cluster?

    <p>GKE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most mature cloud application model?

    <p>Microservices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of cloud providers' managed Kubernetes clusters?

    <p>Support for cluster autoscaling and node pools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first level of the Cloud Native Maturity Model?

    <p>Cloud Native Services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a basic cloud service?

    <p>Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did Netflix migrate its video master content system logs into AWS S3?

    <p>2009</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of database did Netflix redesign from Oracle to make it scalable for subscription processing?

    <p>NoSQL Database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tool suite used by Netflix to check resiliency?

    <p>Simian Army</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of distributing Pods with one or more containers across a cluster of servers in Kubernetes?

    <p>To enable resilience and elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of virtualization is Kubernetes based on?

    <p>Host-level virtualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After how many years did Netflix completely shut down their own data centers?

    <p>7 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the volumeClaimTemplates section within the StatefulSet definition?

    <p>To define the storage requirements for each Pod in the StatefulSet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which StorageClass is used in the PersistentVolumeClaim template defined in the StatefulSet?

    <p>flash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the terminationGracePeriodSeconds field in the Pod spec?

    <p>Determines the number of seconds to wait before deleting the Pod.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) control?

    <p>The number of replicas in a Deployment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the metrics-server in Kubernetes?

    <p>To collect and provide metrics for resource usage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)?

    <p>It can automatically restart Pods that are failing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Container Orchestration Platforms

    • Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) and Azure Container Service are significant players in the container orchestration market.
    • Kubernetes is a leading framework for managing containerized applications, initially developed by Google and donated to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation in 2014.
    • The current version of Kubernetes is 1.30, known for its extensive features and automation capabilities.

    Key Features of Kubernetes

    • Automates deployment and replication of containers.
    • Supports online scaling of container clusters, accommodating changing workloads.
    • Provides load balancing across container groups to ensure even distribution of traffic.
    • Facilitates rolling upgrades, allowing updates to applications without downtime.
    • Offers resilience through automated rescheduling of failed containers.
    • Controls network port exposure for security and access management.

    Kubernetes Terminology

    • Kubernetes derives from the Greek word for "helmsman" and is abbreviated as K8s.
    • Functions as an operating system for cloud deployments, abstracting resources and managing microservices.
    • Structured as a cluster, consisting of nodes and a control plane, which manages the cluster's state and resources.

    Container Runtime Support

    • Supports multiple container runtimes, enabling flexibility in choosing different runtimes (e.g., Docker, containerd).
    • The Container Runtime Interface (CRI) standardizes interactions with various container runtimes.
    • Runtime Classes allow for performance and security configurations tailored to specific needs.

    Declarative Management

    • Applications are managed declaratively using YAML files, which define desired states that Kubernetes maintains during runtime.
    • Proven advantages include automatic oversight to ensure compliance with defined settings.

    Storage Management

    • Persistent Volume Claims utilize StorageClasses to create volumes, particularly for StatefulSets requiring unique volumes for each Pod.
    • The creation process can be automated with a Volume Claim Template.

    Autoscaling in Kubernetes

    • Includes two types of autoscalers: Horizontal Pod Autoscaler modifies the number of Pod replicas based on metrics, while Vertical Pod Autoscaler adjusts resources for existing Pods.
    • Resource metrics are gathered through the metrics-server for scaling decisions.

    Cloud Provider Integration

    • Major cloud providers offer managed Kubernetes services: AWS Elastic Kubernetes Service, Azure Kubernetes Service, and Google Kubernetes Engine.
    • These services support features like cluster autoscaling, high availability, and integration with monitoring solutions.
    • Cost structures vary; GKE and AKS do not charge for empty clusters, while AWS EKS incurs hourly costs.

    Overview of Cloud Native Applications

    • Cloud-native architectures address business challenges utilizing cloud computing scale.
    • Maturity can be evaluated through cloud-native services, application design, and the adoption of microservices as a robust model.

    Case Study: Netflix

    • Utilizes a wide array of AWS services, including storage, security, and dev tools.
    • Employs microservices and has transitioned from traditional databases to NoSQL and distributed database solutions for scalability.
    • Automation tools like the Simian Army and Spinnaker reinforce resilience and continuous integration/continuous deployment practices.

    Summary of Kubernetes Impact

    • Kubernetes is the cornerstone for running cloud-native applications, supporting resilience and scalability across distributed Pods.
    • Managed Kubernetes services are widely available across cloud platforms, facilitating the adoption of containerized applications for various businesses.

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    Related Documents

    Kubernetes.pdf

    Description

    This quiz covers container orchestration platforms, including Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) and Azure Container Service. Test your knowledge on these cloud-based services.

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