Questions and Answers
Which company started the development of Kubernetes?
What is the current version of Kubernetes?
What is a key feature of Kubernetes that allows for automated deployment and replication of containers?
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of Kubernetes?
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What is the meaning of the abbreviation "K8s"?
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What is Kubernetes composed of?
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What is Kubernetes considered to be?
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What is the purpose of the control plane in a Kubernetes cluster?
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What is the role of the Container Runtime Interface (CRI)?
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What is the purpose of Runtime Classes in Kubernetes?
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How are applications managed in Kubernetes?
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What is an advantage of declarative management in Kubernetes?
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What is a characteristic of cloud native software architectures?
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Which of the following cloud providers does not bill for an empty cluster?
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What is the most mature cloud application model?
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What is a feature of cloud providers' managed Kubernetes clusters?
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What is the first level of the Cloud Native Maturity Model?
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Which of the following is a basic cloud service?
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What year did Netflix migrate its video master content system logs into AWS S3?
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What type of database did Netflix redesign from Oracle to make it scalable for subscription processing?
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What is the name of the tool suite used by Netflix to check resiliency?
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What is the purpose of distributing Pods with one or more containers across a cluster of servers in Kubernetes?
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What type of virtualization is Kubernetes based on?
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After how many years did Netflix completely shut down their own data centers?
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What is the purpose of the volumeClaimTemplates section within the StatefulSet definition?
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Which StorageClass is used in the PersistentVolumeClaim template defined in the StatefulSet?
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What is the purpose of the terminationGracePeriodSeconds field in the Pod spec?
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What does the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) control?
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What is the purpose of the metrics-server in Kubernetes?
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)?
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Study Notes
Container Orchestration Platforms
- Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) and Azure Container Service are significant players in the container orchestration market.
- Kubernetes is a leading framework for managing containerized applications, initially developed by Google and donated to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation in 2014.
- The current version of Kubernetes is 1.30, known for its extensive features and automation capabilities.
Key Features of Kubernetes
- Automates deployment and replication of containers.
- Supports online scaling of container clusters, accommodating changing workloads.
- Provides load balancing across container groups to ensure even distribution of traffic.
- Facilitates rolling upgrades, allowing updates to applications without downtime.
- Offers resilience through automated rescheduling of failed containers.
- Controls network port exposure for security and access management.
Kubernetes Terminology
- Kubernetes derives from the Greek word for "helmsman" and is abbreviated as K8s.
- Functions as an operating system for cloud deployments, abstracting resources and managing microservices.
- Structured as a cluster, consisting of nodes and a control plane, which manages the cluster's state and resources.
Container Runtime Support
- Supports multiple container runtimes, enabling flexibility in choosing different runtimes (e.g., Docker, containerd).
- The Container Runtime Interface (CRI) standardizes interactions with various container runtimes.
- Runtime Classes allow for performance and security configurations tailored to specific needs.
Declarative Management
- Applications are managed declaratively using YAML files, which define desired states that Kubernetes maintains during runtime.
- Proven advantages include automatic oversight to ensure compliance with defined settings.
Storage Management
- Persistent Volume Claims utilize StorageClasses to create volumes, particularly for StatefulSets requiring unique volumes for each Pod.
- The creation process can be automated with a Volume Claim Template.
Autoscaling in Kubernetes
- Includes two types of autoscalers: Horizontal Pod Autoscaler modifies the number of Pod replicas based on metrics, while Vertical Pod Autoscaler adjusts resources for existing Pods.
- Resource metrics are gathered through the metrics-server for scaling decisions.
Cloud Provider Integration
- Major cloud providers offer managed Kubernetes services: AWS Elastic Kubernetes Service, Azure Kubernetes Service, and Google Kubernetes Engine.
- These services support features like cluster autoscaling, high availability, and integration with monitoring solutions.
- Cost structures vary; GKE and AKS do not charge for empty clusters, while AWS EKS incurs hourly costs.
Overview of Cloud Native Applications
- Cloud-native architectures address business challenges utilizing cloud computing scale.
- Maturity can be evaluated through cloud-native services, application design, and the adoption of microservices as a robust model.
Case Study: Netflix
- Utilizes a wide array of AWS services, including storage, security, and dev tools.
- Employs microservices and has transitioned from traditional databases to NoSQL and distributed database solutions for scalability.
- Automation tools like the Simian Army and Spinnaker reinforce resilience and continuous integration/continuous deployment practices.
Summary of Kubernetes Impact
- Kubernetes is the cornerstone for running cloud-native applications, supporting resilience and scalability across distributed Pods.
- Managed Kubernetes services are widely available across cloud platforms, facilitating the adoption of containerized applications for various businesses.
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Description
This quiz covers container orchestration platforms, including Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) and Azure Container Service. Test your knowledge on these cloud-based services.
