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Questions and Answers
What type of transmission involves physical contact between hosts without an intermediate object?
What type of transmission involves physical contact between hosts without an intermediate object?
- Droplet transmission
- Airborne transmission
- Indirect contact
- Direct physical contact (correct)
Which of the following is an example of direct physical contact transmission?
Which of the following is an example of direct physical contact transmission?
- Kissing (correct)
- Breathing in airborne particles
- Sharing a drinking cup
- Using a contaminated towel
What is a fomite?
What is a fomite?
- A nonliving object that transmits pathogens (correct)
- A living organism that transmits disease
- A type of airborne particle
- A bodily fluid
Which of the following is an example of indirect contact transmission?
Which of the following is an example of indirect contact transmission?
In droplet transmission, how far do the infectious agents typically travel?
In droplet transmission, how far do the infectious agents typically travel?
Which type of transmission involves infectious agents traveling more than 1 meter?
Which type of transmission involves infectious agents traveling more than 1 meter?
What is a common source of water-borne and food-borne transmissions?
What is a common source of water-borne and food-borne transmissions?
Which of the following diseases is commonly transmitted through contaminated water or food?
Which of the following diseases is commonly transmitted through contaminated water or food?
Which type of transmission involves blood, urine, or saliva?
Which type of transmission involves blood, urine, or saliva?
What type of organism is commonly involved in vector transmission?
What type of organism is commonly involved in vector transmission?
What is a biological vector?
What is a biological vector?
Which of the following is an example of a mechanical vector?
Which of the following is an example of a mechanical vector?
What is another name for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?
What is another name for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?
Where are healthcare-associated infections typically acquired?
Where are healthcare-associated infections typically acquired?
Approximately how many patients die annually in the United States as a result of nosocomial infections?
Approximately how many patients die annually in the United States as a result of nosocomial infections?
Which of the following is a type of nosocomial infection?
Which of the following is a type of nosocomial infection?
What causes exogenous HAIs?
What causes exogenous HAIs?
What is the source of microbes that cause endogenous HAIs?
What is the source of microbes that cause endogenous HAIs?
What type of HAIs is caused by medical procedures?
What type of HAIs is caused by medical procedures?
Which medical procedure can cause Iatrogenic HAIs?
Which medical procedure can cause Iatrogenic HAIs?
Which activity is an example of direct physical contact leading to disease transmission?
Which activity is an example of direct physical contact leading to disease transmission?
A tissue used by a sick person is an example of what?
A tissue used by a sick person is an example of what?
Droplet transmission typically involves pathogens traveling:
Droplet transmission typically involves pathogens traveling:
Untreated sewage can lead to what type of disease transmission?
Untreated sewage can lead to what type of disease transmission?
Mosquitoes transmit diseases through:
Mosquitoes transmit diseases through:
Acquiring an infection in a hospital is known as:
Acquiring an infection in a hospital is known as:
An infection caused by a patient's own normal flora is:
An infection caused by a patient's own normal flora is:
Invasive diagnostic procedures can sometimes lead to:
Invasive diagnostic procedures can sometimes lead to:
Which is an example of direct contact transmission?
Which is an example of direct contact transmission?
What role does a handkerchief play in disease transmission?
What role does a handkerchief play in disease transmission?
How far do organisms travel in airborne transmission compared to droplet transmission?
How far do organisms travel in airborne transmission compared to droplet transmission?
Which of the following contributes to food-borne transmission?
Which of the following contributes to food-borne transmission?
Through what means is Hepatitis A & E transmitted?
Through what means is Hepatitis A & E transmitted?
What bodily fluid is directly involved in bodily fluid transmission?
What bodily fluid is directly involved in bodily fluid transmission?
What role do arthropods play in disease transmission?
What role do arthropods play in disease transmission?
How do mechanical vectors spread pathogens?
How do mechanical vectors spread pathogens?
The term 'nosocomial' is associated with what type of infection?
The term 'nosocomial' is associated with what type of infection?
Where do pathogens causing exogenous HAIs originate?
Where do pathogens causing exogenous HAIs originate?
Which of these is a cause of iatrogenic HAIs?
Which of these is a cause of iatrogenic HAIs?
Flashcards
Direct Contact Transmission
Direct Contact Transmission
Transmission of pathogens between hosts through physical contact without an intermediate object.
Indirect Contact Transmission
Indirect Contact Transmission
Transmission of pathogens via a nonliving object (fomite).
Droplet Transmission
Droplet Transmission
Infectious agents travel through respiratory droplets, covering less than a meter.
Airborne Transmission
Airborne Transmission
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Water-borne & Food-borne Transmission
Water-borne & Food-borne Transmission
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Bodily Fluid Transmission
Bodily Fluid Transmission
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Vector Transmission
Vector Transmission
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Biological Vectors
Biological Vectors
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Mechanical Vectors
Mechanical Vectors
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Healthcare Associated (Nosocomial) Infections
Healthcare Associated (Nosocomial) Infections
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Exogenous HAIs
Exogenous HAIs
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Endogenous HAIs
Endogenous HAIs
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Iatrogenic HAIs
Iatrogenic HAIs
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Study Notes
- Contact transmission refers to how pathogens spread between hosts.
Direct Physical Contact
- It involves transmission between hosts without an intermediate object.
- Person-to-person spread occurs through touching, kissing, or sexual intercourse.
- Examples include respiratory tract infections, staphylococcal infections, measles, scarlet fever, and sexually transmitted diseases.
Indirect Contact
- A pathogen spreads via a fomite (nonliving object).
- Fomites include tissues, handkerchiefs, towels, bedding, toys, clothes, diapers, eating utensils, drinking cups, medical equipment, and devices.
Droplet Transmission
- Infectious agents spread through respiratory droplets.
- Organisms typically travel less than a meter.
Airborne Transmission
- Organisms travel more than 1 meter.
Water-borne & Food-borne Transmission
- Transmission occurs through untreated/poorly treated sewage, undercooked foods, or food prepared in unsanitary conditions.
- This route is common for gastrointestinal diseases like giardiasis, amebic dysentery, cholera, shigellosis, and Hepatitis A & E.
Bodily Fluid Transmission
- Transmission occurs via blood, urine, saliva, and other bodily fluids.
Vector Transmission
- Animals, especially arthropods, facilitate transmission.
- Biological vectors: Biting insects, including mosquitoes, ticks, lice, fleas, blood-sucking flies.
- Mechanical vectors: They passively carry agents to a new host on their feet or other body parts.
Healthcare Associated (Nosocomial) Infections
- These are acquired in a hospital or similar healthcare setting.
- HAIs are among the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States.
- Annually, 99,000 patients die from nosocomial infections in the United States.
Types of Nosocomial Infections
- Exogenous HAIs: Caused by pathogens in the healthcare environment, shed by sick individuals.
- Endogenous HAIs: Caused by microbes from the patient's own normal flora.
- Iatrogenic HAIs: Result from medical procedures, such as catheters or invasive diagnostic procedures.
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