32 Questions
What is the primary route of transmission for pathogens suspended in infectious droplet nuclei?
Airborne transmission over long distances
What is the term for the initial transfer of a pathogen from an animal to a human population?
Spillover event
Which of the following is an example of an indirect contact transmission route?
Touching a contaminated surface and then touching one's eyes
What is the term for a disease that is transmitted from animals to humans?
Zoonosis
Which of the following bodily secretions is NOT a common route of transmission for pathogens?
Tears
What is the term for the transmission of a pathogen from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy or childbirth?
Vertical transmission
Which of the following vectors is a vertebrate?
Dog
What is the term for a living organism that transmits a pathogen?
Vector
What is the primary reason for a pandemic to occur in a population?
Lack of herd immunity in the population
What is the term for the study of the occurrence, determinants, distribution, and control of health and disease in a defined human population?
Epidemiology
What is the term for a disease that occurs occasionally and at irregular intervals?
Sporadic disease
Who is considered the first epidemiologist?
John Snow
What was the cause of the 1854 cholera outbreak in Soho?
Contaminated water supply from the Broad Street pump
What is the term for a disease that maintains a relatively steady low-level frequency at a moderately regular interval?
Endemic disease
What is the term for a disease that gradually increases in occurrence frequency above the endemic level but not to the epidemic level?
Hyperendemic disease
What is the term for a zoonotic spillover event that leads to a pandemic?
COVID-19
Which bodily secretion is most likely to be involved in direct contact transmission?
Faeces
What is the term for the transmission of a pathogen from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy or childbirth?
Vertical transmission
What is the primary route of transmission for pathogens suspended in infectious droplet nuclei?
Airborne transmission
Which of the following vectors is typically an arthropod?
Mosquitoes
What is the term for the transmission of a disease from animals to humans?
Zoonotic transmission
What is the term for the initial transfer of a pathogen from an animal population to a human population?
Spillover event
Which of the following is an example of an airborne transmission route?
Sneezing and coughing
What is the term for a living organism that transmits a pathogen?
Vector
What is the primary outcome of sustained human-to-human transmission of a pathogen?
Establishment of the pathogen as a human pathogen
What is the significance of the 1854 cholera outbreak in Soho?
It led to the discovery of the connection between contaminated water and disease
What is the term for a situation where a pathogen is transmitted from a vertebrate to a human?
Zoonotic spillover event
What is the term for a disease that maintains a steady low-level frequency at a moderately regular interval?
Endemic disease
What was the primary cause of the 1854 cholera outbreak in Soho?
Contaminated water
What is the significance of John Snow in the field of epidemiology?
He was the first epidemiologist
What is the term for a disease that gradually increases in occurrence frequency above the endemic level but not to the epidemic level?
Hyperendemic disease
What is the primary reason for the risk of a pandemic in a population?
Lack of herd immunity
Learn how pathogens are transmitted through various bodily secretions and contact methods, including airborne, direct, and indirect contact. Understand the different routes of transmission and how to prevent the spread of diseases.
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