Consumer Markets and Buying Behavior
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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe the buying behavior of final consumers, such as individuals and households?

  • Psychological behavior
  • Consumer market
  • Buying decision
  • Consumer buyer behavior (correct)

Which of the following factors plays a significant role in influencing consumer purchases?

  • Cultural factors (correct)
  • Advertising spend
  • Retail store layouts
  • Weather conditions

What is considered the most basic cause of a person's wants and behavior?

  • Culture (correct)
  • Personal choices
  • Social media influence
  • Economic conditions

What do marketers primarily try to understand in relation to consumers?

<p>Stimuli and responses within the consumer's black box (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do marketers need to recognize cultural shifts?

<p>To discover new products that meet emerging wants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics do marketers have limited control over?

<p>Cultural factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a cultural shift mentioned in the content?

<p>Increased concern for health and fitness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics affecting consumer behavior?

<p>Physical location (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by subculture in consumer behavior?

<p>A smaller group within a larger culture with shared values. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily influences consumer behavior through social relationships?

<p>Social Factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do opinion leaders play in consumer behavior?

<p>They affect consumer decisions through their expertise or personality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do families influence consumer purchasing decisions?

<p>Family members collectively impact purchasing through their roles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by social class in consumer behavior?

<p>Society's divisions based on similar values and lifestyle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the impact of word of mouth on consumer behavior?

<p>It is typically more trusted than commercial sources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do roles and status affect consumer choices?

<p>Individuals select products aligned with their various roles and statuses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of marketers when conducting research on reference groups?

<p>To identify their target markets' preferences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the changes in an individual's behavior arising from experience?

<p>Learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of buying behavior occurs when consumers see significant differences among brands?

<p>Complex Buying Behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a person's relatively consistent evaluations and feelings toward an object or idea?

<p>Attitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of buying behavior is typical for infrequent and expensive purchases with little brand differentiation?

<p>Dissonance Reducing Buying Behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences a buyer’s decisions regarding the goods and services they purchase?

<p>A combination of personal and psychological factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences a person's buying behavior through acquired beliefs and attitudes?

<p>Experience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of complex buying behavior?

<p>Self-expressive purchases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does age affect consumer behavior?

<p>It shapes preferences in various products and services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes how personality affects purchasing decisions?

<p>It distinguishes preferences based on psychological traits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of product purchase might elicit dissonance reducing buying behavior?

<p>New carpeting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of beliefs in consumer buying behavior?

<p>Shapes product and brand images (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does motivation in the context of buying decisions refer to?

<p>A motive that arises from a strong desire to fulfill a need. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does lifestyle play in consumer behavior?

<p>It reflects a consumer's pattern of living and preferences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is NOT considered a psychological factor influencing buying choices?

<p>Occupation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological factor involves how individuals interpret and organize sensory information?

<p>Perception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do economic conditions affect consumer choices?

<p>They influence preferred stores and product categories. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes habitual buying behavior?

<p>Low consumer involvement and little significant brand differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario does variety seeking buying behavior typically occur?

<p>Low involvement and significant perceived brand differences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the first stage of the buyer decision process?

<p>Need recognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates a consumer during the information search stage?

<p>To search for more information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does a consumer evaluate alternative brands?

<p>Evaluation of alternatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the post purchase behavior stage?

<p>Consumers take action based on satisfaction or dissatisfaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can trigger need recognition in a consumer?

<p>External stimuli and internal stimuli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives a consumer to switch brands during variety seeking buying behavior?

<p>Boredom or desire to try something different (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Consumer Buyer Behavior

The buying behavior of final consumers – individuals and households buying goods and services for personal use.

Consumer Market

All individuals and households that buy or acquire goods and services for personal consumption.

Cultural Factors (Consumer Buying)

Culture, subculture, and social class influences on consumer behavior. These are learned from parents and society.

Culture (in Consumer Behavior)

Fundamental factors shaping wants and behaviors, learned from society.

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Subculture

Groups within a larger culture with shared values and beliefs.

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Social Class

Categories of individuals with similar socioeconomic status and shared behavior patterns.

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Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior

Cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors influencing consumer decisions.

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Model of Consumer Behavior (Marketing)

The process of how stimuli are transformed into responses within a consumer, considering influences and decision processes.

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Reference Groups

Groups that influence a person's behavior, even if they aren't a part of that group.

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Word-of-Mouth Influence

Recommendations from trusted friends, family, and other consumers, that are more persuasive than ads.

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Opinion Leader

A person in a group who has influence because of unique skills, knowledge or personality.

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Family Influence

The family is a key factor in consumer buying decisions, with husbands, wives, and children all playing a role.

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Social Roles & Status

People make product choices aligned with their social position and responsibilities.

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Market Segments

Groups of consumers with common needs and desires that marketers target with tailored products or services.

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Occupation's impact on buying

A person's job influences the goods and services they buy. Different jobs lead to different product needs.

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Age & Life Stage effect on buying

Buying habits change as people age and pass through different life stages (e.g., family formation).

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Economic situation's effect

A person's financial situation (income, savings, etc.) affects their purchasing decisions.

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Lifestyle's impact

Different lifestyles, even with similar backgrounds, affect purchasing decisions. How people live and their values.

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Personality's influence

Individual personality traits (e.g., confidence, sociability) affect buying behavior in specific ways.

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Motivation as a buying factor

A need strong enough to drive someone to purchase something to satisfy that need.

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Perception's role in buying

How people see and interpret information influences what they buy. Its how we filter and take in the world.

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Learning impacting Buying

Experiences and past purchases shape how people approach future buying decisions. What you've learned.

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What is Learning?

Changes in behavior caused by experience. Most human behavior is learned.

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Beliefs in Buying?

Descriptive thoughts about products/services that influence purchases. Beliefs can be based on knowledge, opinions, or faith.

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What is Attitude?

Consistent evaluations, feelings, and tendencies towards something. This includes products, services, and ideas.

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Complex Buying Behavior

High involvement in a purchase with perceived differences between brands. This happens when the product is expensive, risky, or self-expressive.

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Dissonance-Reducing Buying Behavior

High involvement in an expensive or risky purchase but little perceived difference between brands.

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What are the Components of Learning?

Drives, stimuli, cues, responses, and reinforcement all play a role in learning.

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How do Beliefs and Attitudes Affect Buying?

Beliefs about products/services contribute to brand images, which directly impact buying behavior.

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Why are Buying Decisions Different?

The complexity of buying decisions depends on the product, involvement, and differences between brands.

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Habitual Buying

When consumers buy a product with low involvement and perceive little difference between brands, often out of routine rather than strong loyalty.

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Variety Seeking

When consumers buy different brands with low involvement but perceive significant differences, often driven by boredom or trying new experiences.

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Buyer Decision Process

The five stages a buyer goes through when making a purchase: Need Recognition, Information Search, Evaluation of Alternatives, Purchase Decision, and Post-Purchase Behavior.

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Need Recognition

The first stage where a consumer recognizes a problem or need, triggered by internal or external stimuli.

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Information Search

The stage where a consumer seeks more information about a product or service, after recognizing a need.

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Evaluation of Alternatives

The stage where a consumer uses gathered information to compare different brands or options.

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Purchase Decision

The stage where a consumer decides on which brand or option to buy.

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Post-Purchase Behavior

The stage where a consumer reflects on their purchase and takes further action based on their satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

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Study Notes

Consumer Markets and Buying Behavior

  • Consumer buyer behavior refers to the buying habits of individuals and households buying goods and services for personal use.
  • The consumer market encompasses all individuals and households who acquire goods and services for personal consumption.
  • Marketers aim to understand how marketing stimuli transform into consumer responses within the "black box" of the consumer's mind.
  • The black box comprises the consumer's characteristics and decision-making process, influenced by various cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors.

Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior

  • Consumer purchases stem from cultural, social, personal, and psychological influences.
  • Marketers cannot directly control these factors but must acknowledge and incorporate them into their strategies.
  • Key factors influencing consumer behaviors include:
    • Culture: The most fundamental driver of wants and behavior, learned from family and institutions.
    • Subculture: Smaller groups within a culture, characterized by shared values, experiences, and situations.
    • Social class: Relatively permanent, ordered divisions within a society, whose members share similar values, interests, and behaviors.
    • Groups: Significant influences on individuals, including those they belong to and reference groups (groups they aspire to join).
    • Family: The most influential consumer buying organization, with roles and status of family members play a key influence on brand choices.
    • Roles and statuses: The different roles individuals play affect their product choices.
    • Age and life-cycle stage: A person's stage of life impacts their buying decisions (e.g., needs of a young couple vs. needs of an elderly couple).
    • Occupation: A person's occupation shapes their needs and desired products (e.g., executives vs. laborers).
    • Economic situation: Purchasing power and economic stability affect product choices and purchase decisions.
    • Lifestyle: The person's pattern of living, expressed through activities, interests, and opinions (psychographics).
    • Personality and self concept: A person's unique psychological characteristics that shape their buying behavior.

Types of Buying Decision Behavior

  • Buying behavior varies across products and services, ranging from a simple item like toothpaste to complex purchases like a car
  • Based on consumer involvement and perceived differences across brands, buying decisions can be broadly categorized into four types:
    • Complex buying behavior: High consumer involvement and significant perceived brand differences (e.g., purchasing a car).
    • Dissonance-reducing buying behavior: High consumer involvement but minimal perceived brand differences (e.g., purchasing carpeting).
    • Habitual buying behavior: Low consumer involvement and little significant brand difference (e.g., purchasing table salt).
    • Variety-seeking buying behavior: Low consumer involvement but significant perceived brand differences (e.g., choosing different brands of cookies).

The Buyer Decision Process

  • The buyer decision process comprises five stages: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
  • The process begins before the purchase and extends after the purchase.
  • Recognizing a need triggers the process.
  • Information search involves gathering data internal (prior knowledge) and external (from other sources).
  • Consumers evaluate alternative options to make a decision.
  • The final purchase decision is followed by post-purchase behavior, reflecting customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

Psychological Factors

  • A person's buying choices also stem from psychological factors:
    • Motivation: Needs and desires that drive consumer behavior.
    • Perception: The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information.
    • Learning: Changes in behavior resulting from experience.
    • Beliefs and attitudes: Evaluations and feelings about objects and ideas influencing purchases.

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Description

Explore the intricacies of consumer buying behavior and the factors influencing purchasing decisions. This quiz delves into the consumer market, examining cultural, social, personal, and psychological influences. Test your understanding of how marketers can adapt their strategies to respond to these consumer behaviors.

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