Construction Techniques Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Name two kinds of different piles.

Displacement Pile(Steel-H piles), Replacement Pile(Barrettes)

What is the advantage of using Tremie pipes?

to prevent concrete contamination

Suppose we have three formworks: column, slab and beams. Which formwork could be removed first/earlier?

Wall and Columns (because it can stand on his own)

How long does it take to remove these three formworks (column, slab and beams)?

<p>The beam and slab take around 2 weeks, and the wall takes around 24 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of pump can be used in dewatering?

<p>Suction Pump (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is self-compacting concrete?

<p>Highly workable and even pumpable</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials is added into the concrete so that it could become self-compacting?

<p>superplasticizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose you have a super tall building; what kind of formwork is used for the slab construction, which could speed up the construction?

<p>Fly Form/Table Form</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main steels for the Continuous Beam?

<p>Top Steel (cantilever) and Bottom Steel (Span) is for the RC beam RC Column is for the Top Steel (Over Column) And over several span</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main steels for the Simply Supported Beam?

<p>one span only, main steel will be bottom steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

As there will be joint problems with precast structures, which joint is better for improving water tightness?

<p>Wet Joint: Monolithic Joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which construction equipment is more silent?

<p>Hydraulic Vibrator Machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical temperature of a structure that will lose half its strength in a fire?

<p>600C</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose in construction site, I want to move the wall tile of sinks from ground elevation to the fifth floor. What construction machines or plant should use to pick up this wall tile?

<p>Material Hoist</p> Signup and view all the answers

We got two kinds of materials, epoxy and silicone. Which one is suitable for water tightness jointing?

<p>Silicone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials should be used in the cover spaces?

<p>Plastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are three types of systems in curtain wall, which one is the most famous one?

<p>Unitised System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one is the most popular displacement pile in HK?

<p>Steel H Pile</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the machine for bored pile installation?

<p>Temporary steel casing, Hydraulic oscillator, Chisel, RCD with roller bit, Underway mark, Install the steel reinforcement cage, Tremie pipe and hoper</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Common Pile Tests?

<p>Dynamic load test, Static load test, Sonic load test, Sonic logging test, Standard Penetration test, Core Drilling, Vibration test, Lateral Load test, Tension test</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of the top-down method?

<p>Excavation takes up a lot of time, The top-down construction method can reduce the construction time for the project, Basement and the superstructure can be constructed at the same time, More advantage weathertight working condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

For deep basements, what methods should be used depending on the depth?

<p>For depths more than 20 meters, use diaphragm wall + top-down method. For depths less than 10 to 20 meters, use Steel Sheet Piling and Cofferdams (Bottom Up method)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential Risk for building basement?

<p>Soil Collapse, Worker's Safety, Disruption of underground utilities, Neighboring buildings foundations settlement, Ground Water / Flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of precast concrete?

<p>Demand on Skilled Labor, Reliable Quality Control , Consistent s Higher Quality, Reduce No. of Separate Operations, Better Continuity of Operation, Faster Construction, Environmentally Friendly, Prestressed Concrete, Safer, Higher Productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Once the site had adopted prefabrication, what are the important considerations for prefabrication on site plan?

<p>Make sure the tower crane can pick up the material, The area in storing the prefabricated material, The internal access</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Displacement Pile

A pile that is driven into the ground and displaces the soil as it is driven down.

Replacement Pile

A pile that is drilled into the ground and replaces the soil that was removed.

Steel-H Pile

A type of pile made from steel, often used in displacement pile foundations.

Barrettes

A type of replacement pile that is constructed by excavating a large diameter hole and then pouring concrete into it.

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Tremie Pipe

A type of pipe used to pour concrete underwater, minimizing contamination.

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Self-compacting Concrete

A highly workable concrete that can be easily pumped and placed.

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Superplasticizer

A chemical additive used to make concrete more flowable and pumpable.

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Submerged Pump

A type of pump that can be used to remove water from a construction site.

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Suction Pump

A type of pump that draws water from a source and moves it to another location.

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Dewatering

The process of removing water from a construction site.

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Formwork

The temporary structure that supports a concrete element while it is curing.

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Column Formwork

A type of formwork used for constructing columns and walls, which can be removed early in the construction process.

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Slab Formwork

A type of formwork used for constructing slabs, which typically needs to stay in place longer.

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Beam Formwork

A type of formwork used for constructing beams, which also needs to stay in place longer.

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Fly Form/Table Form

A type of formwork that can be moved quickly and efficiently, allowing for faster slab construction, especially in tall buildings.

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Top Steel (cantilever) and Bottom Steel (Span)

The steel reinforcement used in a continuous beam, which spans multiple sections and supports cantilevers.

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Bottom Steel

The steel reinforcement used in a simply supported beam, which spans only one section.

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Top Steel (Over Column)

The steel reinforcement used in a continuous beam, which connects to columns and supports the weight above.

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Precast Joining

The process of joining precast concrete elements together.

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Wet Joint

A type of precast joint that involves pouring in-situ concrete over the gap between two elements.

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Dry Joint

A type of joint that relies on gaskets or sealing materials to prevent water leakage.

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Hydraulic Vibrator Machine

A machine used to vibrate concrete, helping to remove air bubbles and improve compaction.

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Critical Temperature

The temperature at which a structure loses half of its strength.

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Material Hoist

A construction equipment used to move materials vertically in a construction site.

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Epoxy

A type of adhesive used for sealing and bonding.

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Silicone

A type of sealant used for watertight joints.

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Cover

A type of construction material used to fill spaces and protect concrete from damage.

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Curtain Wall

A non-structural external wall system that is typically used in modern buildings.

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Unitised System

A type of curtain wall system that is prefabricated in units, making installation efficient.

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Top-Down Method

A method of constructing a basement from the top down, starting with the upper floors and working down.

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Bottom Up Method

A method of constructing a basement from the bottom up, starting with the basement and working upwards.

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Diaphragm Wall

A type of retaining wall used in deep basement construction.

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Steel Sheet Piling

A type of retaining wall made of steel sheet piles.

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Cofferdam

A temporary watertight enclosure used for constructing foundations in water.

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Study Notes

Pile Types

  • Two types of piles exist: displacement piles (e.g., steel H piles) and replacement piles (e.g., barrettes).

Tremie Pipes

  • Tremie pipes are used to prevent concrete contamination during placement.

Formwork Removal Priority

  • Walls and columns can be removed first as they can support themselves.
  • Beams and slabs need to be supported, so they are removed later.
  • Wall formwork removal takes around 24 hours.
  • Beam and slab formwork removal takes approximately 2 weeks

Dewatering Pumps

  • Submerged pumps and suction pumps can be used for dewatering.

Self-Compacting Concrete

  • Self-compacting concrete is highly workable and pumpable.
  • Superplasticizer is added to achieve these properties.

Formwork for Tall Buildings

  • Fly form and table form are used for speeding up slab construction in very tall buildings.

Steel Reinforcement in Beams

  • Continuous beams use top and bottom steel (including cantilever sections) and top steel over columns.
  • Simply supported beams only use bottom steel.

Joint Problems in Precast Construction

  • Wet joints (monolithic joints) are better than dry joints (using gaskets/sealants). This is because in-situ topping concrete filling gaps eliminates the need for unreliable seals.

Silent Construction Equipment

  • Hydraulic vibrator machines are known for their quiet operation.

Structural Damage from Fire

  • Steel and concrete structures lose half their strength at 600°C.

Materials Handling for Wall Tiles

  • Material hoists are used to move wall tiles from ground level to higher floors.

Water Tightness Sealants

  • Silicone is the most effective sealant for water tightness.
  • Epoxy is for issues such as concrete spalling repair.

Cover Spacers

  • Plastic spacers are typically used in formwork to support rebar and keep it in place.

Curtain Wall System

  • Unitised curtain wall systems are most common, due to their effectiveness and cost-efficiency.

Bored Pile Installation Machines

  • Bored pile installation uses temporary steel casing, hydraulic oscillator, chisel, and RCD with roller bits.

Common Pile Tests

  • Common pile tests include dynamic load tests, static load tests, sonic logging tests, standard penetration tests, core drilling, vibration testing, lateral load tests, and tension tests.

Top-Down Construction Advantages

  • Top-down methods reduce construction time by allowing basement and superstructure construction simultaneously.

  • They also allow for weather-tight working conditions.

Deep Basement Construction Methods

  • Diaphragm walls and top-down methods are used for deep basements (over 20m).
  • Steel sheet piling and cofferdams are used for shallower basements (10-20m).

Basement Construction Risks

  • Basement construction risks include soil collapse, worker safety, underground utility disruption, neighboring building foundation issues, and ground water/flooding.

Precast Concrete Advantages

  • Precast concrete is more consistent in quality due to factory controls.

  • It often uses semi-skilled workers, which reduces labor cost.

  • Indoor factory production of components means protection from inclement weather.

  • Robots aid consistency, and pre-assembly offers better compaction.

Precast Concrete Considerations

  • Windows should be cast before concrete pouring for less water leakage risk and waterproofing layers are used on the floor slab.

Precast Construction Benefits

  • Reduced construction times, weather-independent operations, and higher productivity.
  • Fewer different trades reduce possible conflicts, and formwork use is reduced.
  • Factory-produced components minimize onsite material wastage and reduce noise/air pollution.

Prefabrication Site Plan Considerations

  • Consider the tower crane's capacity and reach to ensure it can handle the materials.
  • The area for storing prefabricated materials should match daily consumption rates.
  • Design adequate internal access to allow for materials delivery and worker or machine movement.

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Material Exam 2 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various construction techniques, including pile types, formwork removal priorities, and the use of self-compacting concrete. This quiz covers essential concepts for modern construction methods and materials. Perfect for students and professionals in the field of civil engineering.

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