Construction Methods: Earth Works (Excavation and Filling)
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Questions and Answers

What is the main objective of earthworks in construction projects?

  • To build embankments for water control
  • To create a level required for subsequent construction items (correct)
  • To provide a path for pedestrian access
  • To create small trenches for planting purposes

    • Which factors determine whether excavation is carried out by hand, mechanically, or both?

  • Soil conditions, shape of cut section, ground water, and time required (correct)
  • Project location, weather conditions, contractor's preference, and soil fertility
  • Budget, availability of equipment, duration of project, and soil type
  • Type of construction, architectural design, material availability, and labor cost

    • What are the typical applications of hand (manual) excavation?

  • Continuous wall foundation and isolated foundation (correct)
  • Waterfront construction and marine engineering
  • Building high-rise structures and skyscrapers
  • Road construction and highway development

    • Why is hand excavation not used with rock soil?

    <p>The tools are not capable of breaking rock soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is mechanical excavation typically used?

    <p>When all soil needs to be carried away from the site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be left during hand excavation to allow for easy concrete works?

    <p>(70-100) cm wide path between sides of pits and removal soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum loose depth for depositing layers of filling for roads, yards, and parking areas?

    <p>0.1 m (10 cm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of removing ground water involves making trenches at the lowest level of excavated pits and leaving the water to accumulate?

    <p>Direct remove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could continuous pumping from an excavation potentially cause?

    <p>Settlement to adjoining buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used for heavy work to remove ground water, consisting of a group of metal pipes with filter and valve at the end?

    <p>Well points system remove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be provided to prevent excessive mud and grit from being sucked up during pumping?

    <p>Strainer at the end of suction pipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should backfilling generally consist of?

    <p>Excavated material excluding upper layers of topsoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'All filling shall be deposited in layers, not exceeding __________ loose depths.'

    <p>$0.3 m (30 cm)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Material for refilling around buildings and other zones may consist of __________ but no rubbish material to be permitted.'

    <p>$Excavated material$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'For roads, yards and parking areas, all filling up to underside of the Sub-base shall be of a material suitable for __________ compaction.'

    <p>$Rolling$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'An indication of the way ground water control should be done can often be gained from the __________ report on trial pits.'

    <p>$Site investigation$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hand (Manual) excavation can be used for small jobs such as continuous wall foundation and isolated foundation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mechanical excavation is typically used for small quantity jobs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excavation works include basements, sewer, and shallow combined foundation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The objective of earthworks is to reach the required level for constructing roads and parking areas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hand excavation is used with rock soil due to its efficiency in such conditions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The well points system is a cheaper method of removing ground water compared to the direct remove method.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mechanical excavation is typically used for removing ground water from open sites.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hand excavation is generally not used with rock soil due to its difficulty of removal and the need for specialized equipment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ground water can be discharged directly into road gullies during pumping without any restrictions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The material for refilling around buildings and other zones may consist of excavated material as well as rubbish material.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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