Construction Materials: Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

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What makes metals a popular choice for construction materials?

Their limited availability in developing countries
Their low cost and ease of installation
Their strength, durability, and versatility (correct)
Their ability to be sourced locally

Why are metals often not considered suitable for low-cost constructions in developing countries?

Due to their high strength and durability
Due to their lack of versatility
Because they require simple tools and equipment
Because they are imported and expensive (correct)

What percentage of buildings are constructed without the use of metals?

Almost all buildings
A significant majority
A small percentage (correct)
None, all buildings use metals

What is one way to obtain metals for construction?

Purchasing, recycling, smelting, and mining are all options (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common form in which metals are found in nature?

In the form of ore (A) Signup and view all the answers

What process do extracted metals often undergo after extraction?

Smelting (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of smelting?

To separate impurities and obtain pure metal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term derived from the Latin term 'ferrum' meaning iron?

Ferrous (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three general classes of ferrous materials for construction?

Cast iron, Wrought iron, Steel (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of limestone in the production of ferrous metal?

To reduce impurities (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of combining iron ore with coke and limestone in a blast furnace?

Pig iron with excess carbon (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct formed when impurities are absorbed by limestone?

Blast furnace slag (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of steel is commonly used as a reinforcing material in pre-stressed concrete?

High tensile steel (D) Signup and view all the answers

What property of steel makes it an attractive material for high-rise buildings and long span bridges?

High strength/weight ratio (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of steel product is used for structural connections?

Fastening product (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of steel's ductility in building construction?

It provides a large reserve strength for resisting shock loading (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of steel is plated with zinc to improve corrosion resistance?

Galvanized Steel (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of steel structures in terms of construction time?

They can be erected quite rapidly (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Bessemer process?

It was the first inexpensive process for the mass-production of steel (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum percentage of carbon in the Bessemer Converter?

1.5% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a bloom in steel forming?

Making beams and columns (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature range for hot working in steel mechanical operation?

1090⁰C (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of continuous casting in steel production?

To cast steel directly into basic shapes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the primary rolling process in steel production?

To transform ingots into slab, bloom, and billet (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of steel structures in terms of repairs and modifications?

They can be repaired quickly and easily, and modified to accommodate new requirements (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using recycled steel in building construction?

It provides salvage value, reduces demolition expenses, and helps the environment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using steel structures in building construction?

The strength of steel is reduced substantially when heated at high temperatures (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of steel structures that makes them suitable for expansion?

They can be easily expanded in any direction (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do steel frames in buildings require fireproofing?

To prevent the strength of the steel from being reduced at high temperatures (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue with steel structures exposed to air and water?

They are susceptible to corrosion (A) Signup and view all the answers