Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Coping = The masonry cap on top of a wall. Cornice = A projecting decorative ledge at the top of a masonry wall. Course = A horizontal line of masonry. Fireproof = Material applied to structural elements that provides increased fire resistance.
Match the following types of walls with their characteristics:
Match the following types of walls with their characteristics:
Cavity wall = Hollow wall in which wythes are tied together. Composite wall = Wall made of two different masonry materials. Cantilever wall = Freestanding wall acting like a cantilever beam. Cross wall = Wall set at a right angle to another wall.
Match the construction materials with their descriptions:
Match the construction materials with their descriptions:
Concrete masonry unit = Precast hollow or solid structural block. Cast-in-place concrete = Concrete molded in the location where it remains. Concrete topping = Concrete placed over wood floors for fire resistance. Adobe = Sun-dried clay units of varying sizes.
Match the following architectural elements with their purposes:
Match the following architectural elements with their purposes:
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Match the following architectural features with their locations:
Match the following architectural features with their locations:
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Match the following terms with their construction contexts:
Match the following terms with their construction contexts:
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Match the masonry types with their specific characteristics:
Match the masonry types with their specific characteristics:
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Match the following construction-related terms with appropriate descriptions:
Match the following construction-related terms with appropriate descriptions:
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Match the following construction terms with their definitions:
Match the following construction terms with their definitions:
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Match the following types of masonry with their characteristics:
Match the following types of masonry with their characteristics:
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Match the following construction components with their purposes:
Match the following construction components with their purposes:
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Match the following building types with their historical context:
Match the following building types with their historical context:
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Match the following structural elements to their descriptions:
Match the following structural elements to their descriptions:
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Match the following types of walls with their definitions:
Match the following types of walls with their definitions:
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Match the following construction materials with their applications:
Match the following construction materials with their applications:
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Match the following masonry types with their features:
Match the following masonry types with their features:
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Study Notes
Building Materials and Construction Concepts
- Adobe: Large, sun-dried clay units, molded in various sizes, commonly used in construction.
- Arched Truss: A truss consisting of an arched upper chord and a straight bottom chord, featuring vertical hangers for support.
- Ashlar Masonry: Rectangular stone units meticulously cut for uniformity and precision in construction.
- Cantilever Wall: A freestanding wall not secured at the top, acting like a cantilever beam to withstand lateral loads such as wind.
- Cast-in-Place Concrete: Concrete that is poured and molded at the location it will occupy, available in plain, reinforced, and post-tensioned forms.
Wall Structures and Designs
- Cavity Wall: A hollow wall where outer and inner wythes are securely tied together with steel or masonry trusses for stability.
- Composite Wall: Wall constructed with two different masonry materials, like brick and concrete block, designed to function collaboratively under loads.
- Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU): Precast blocks that are either hollow or solid, often known as cinder blocks.
- Concrete Topping: A layer of concrete applied over wooden floors for enhanced fire resistance or to create sanitary surfaces.
- Coping: The finishing masonry cap on top of a wall, serving both functional and aesthetic purposes.
- Cornice: A decorative ledge that projects from the top of a masonry wall, adding visual interest.
- Course: A horizontal row of masonry units, critical for structural layering.
Architectural Features and Stability Elements
- Cross Wall: A wall that intersects at a right angle to provide lateral stability by bracing neighboring walls.
- Dog Iron: Connective piece resembling a staple, enhancing the lateral stability of girders.
- Fire Limits: Historical building codes requiring non-combustible exterior masonry walls to inhibit fire spread.
- Fireproof: Material added to structural elements to boost fire resistance but does not contribute structurally.
- Flying Buttress: An exterior masonry support that transfers the roof's outward thrust to a distant pier, stabilizing the structure.
- Header or Bond Course: Bricks arranged so the ends are exposed, contributing to the wall's strength and design.
Specialized Construction Types
- Hollow Masonry Wall: Comprises two connected masonry wythes with an air gap for insulation or drainage.
- Joist Hangers: Metal supports that secure individual joists to beams or girders for structural integrity.
- Light Well: Small open court seen in larger buildings designed to bring natural light to dark areas.
- Masonry Column: Acts as bracing within unstable masonry walls, also known as a pier, buttress, or pilaster.
Other Important Terms and Concepts
- Masonry Wire Truss: A wire structure embedded within mortar to replace the need for a traditional header course, enhancing stability.
- Mezzanine: An intermediate floor level situated between two main stories, often with a balcony-like projection.
- Ordinary Construction: Buildings featuring noncombustible exterior walls paired with combustible interior elements.
- Parging (Pargetting): Applying mortar to surfaces to enhance appearance or securing facing materials in wall construction.
- Party Wall: A structurally shared wall between two adjacent buildings, providing necessary support for both.
- Pintle: A metal component for transferring loads from upper stories down through beams to lower columns.
- Rubble Masonry: Construction using rough, irregular stones, typically in a non-coursed manner for walls and foundations.
Wall Composition and Structural Materials
- Rubble Masonry Wall: Consists of two wythe layers of masonry with random fill material for stability, though vulnerable to lateral forces.
- Solid Masonry Walls: Comprised of contiguous masonry units with filled mortar joints, known for durability.
- Stretcher Course: Bricks laid with the long face exposed, an essential part of traditional wall building.
- Strip Mall: A modern single-story retail building featuring a lightweight roof structure with either concrete block or steel framing.
- Tenement: Multistory apartments for lower-income families, common in the late 1800s to early 1900s, often lacking adequate fire safety measures.
- Terra-Cotta Tile: Made from clay and fine sand, these tiles are fired in kilns for durability.
- Tied Arch: Utilizes a steel tension rod to bind the arch ends, negating the need for masonry support.
- Transom: A vent above a doorway, allowing air transfer between a corridor and an individual room.
- Type III Construction: Designation indicating ordinary construction practices.
- Unreinforced Masonry: Walls lacking reinforcement, making them susceptible to lateral shifts.
- Veneer Wall: A masonry-facing wall attached to another structure, creating an integrated appearance without bonding.
- Wythe: A single vertical stack of masonry units, one unit thick, that contributes to the wall's overall structure.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various construction materials and structural concepts. This quiz covers terms such as adobe, ashlar masonry, and different types of walls and concrete techniques. Perfect for architecture and civil engineering students!