Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary concern when removing shutters?
What is the primary concern when removing shutters?
Care should be taken to ensure that column shuttering does not move during concreting.
Care should be taken to ensure that column shuttering does not move during concreting.
True (A)
What should be avoided during the removal of shutters to protect the columns?
What should be avoided during the removal of shutters to protect the columns?
jerks
The shuttering must be fixed properly to prevent it from _____ during concreting.
The shuttering must be fixed properly to prevent it from _____ during concreting.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following actions to their corresponding concerns when working with shutters:
Match the following actions to their corresponding concerns when working with shutters:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of using a vibrator during the pouring of concrete?
What is the purpose of using a vibrator during the pouring of concrete?
Signup and view all the answers
Only verticality needs to be checked after pouring concrete for a column.
Only verticality needs to be checked after pouring concrete for a column.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one type of column used in construction.
Name one type of column used in construction.
Signup and view all the answers
After pouring concrete and vibrating it, the ____ and ____ of the column must be checked.
After pouring concrete and vibrating it, the ____ and ____ of the column must be checked.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following types of columns with their descriptions:
Match the following types of columns with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum ratio of effective length to the least lateral dimension for a column to be classified as a short column?
What is the maximum ratio of effective length to the least lateral dimension for a column to be classified as a short column?
Signup and view all the answers
A short column fails by buckling under a compressive load.
A short column fails by buckling under a compressive load.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of failure occurs in a short column?
What type of failure occurs in a short column?
Signup and view all the answers
A column is classified as short if the ratio of effective length to the least lateral dimension is less than _____
A column is classified as short if the ratio of effective length to the least lateral dimension is less than _____
Signup and view all the answers
Match the terms related to column classification:
Match the terms related to column classification:
Signup and view all the answers
What type of loading is generally encountered in edge columns?
What type of loading is generally encountered in edge columns?
Signup and view all the answers
Columns connected by beams on both sides are typically subject to uniaxial loading.
Columns connected by beams on both sides are typically subject to uniaxial loading.
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common configuration for columns that experience uniaxial loading?
What is a common configuration for columns that experience uniaxial loading?
Signup and view all the answers
Edge columns are generally associated with ____________ loading.
Edge columns are generally associated with ____________ loading.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What factors does a structural designer consider when creating a structural drawing?
What factors does a structural designer consider when creating a structural drawing?
Signup and view all the answers
The spacing between the stirrups is not included in the structural drawing.
The spacing between the stirrups is not included in the structural drawing.
Signup and view all the answers
What components are specified in a structural drawing related to mixing concrete?
What components are specified in a structural drawing related to mixing concrete?
Signup and view all the answers
The number of steel bars to be placed is indicated in the ___.
The number of steel bars to be placed is indicated in the ___.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct position for the vertical bar in the stirrups corner?
What is the correct position for the vertical bar in the stirrups corner?
Signup and view all the answers
The stirrup should be bound with binding wire.
The stirrup should be bound with binding wire.
Signup and view all the answers
What should the relationship be between the vertical bar and the edge of the stirrup?
What should the relationship be between the vertical bar and the edge of the stirrup?
Signup and view all the answers
The vertical bar should be properly bound with ________.
The vertical bar should be properly bound with ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following components to their descriptions:
Match the following components to their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Building Construction - Columns
- A column is a vertical structural member that supports the load from beams, slabs, and other parts of a building.
- Column dimensions and the materials used (cement, sand, aggregate, steel bars) are determined by the structural designer, considering the building's load and safety factors.
- Columns are compression members, carrying loads directly along their longitudinal axis.
- Bending moments may occur due to wind, earthquakes, or other external forces.
- Columns transfer loads from the structure's upper levels (slabs and beams) downwards to the foundation, and ultimately to the soil.
Column Layout
- Column locations are planned and marked on the building's grid using ropes
- Reinforcement placement and spacing are critical.
- Reinforcement works requires checking the number and diameter of vertical bars, spacing between vertical bars and proper lapping.
- Lap joints in reinforcement bars have to be at the same height, and not inside a beam or slab.
- Stirrup spacing is determined by the drawing.
- Stirrups should be bent at right angles to the vertical reinforcement, and properly bound with binding wire.
Column Formwork
- Column formwork is made of plywood or steel sheets with appropriate supports, and adequate stiffeners
- Before pouring concrete, column formwork needs to be stably supported to prevent movement.
- Oil or grease should be applied to the inner surface of the formwork to facilitate easy removal after hardening.
- Formwork must align with the column's diagonals to guarantee dimensional accuracy.
Column Concreting
- Concrete can be poured manually or with a machine/pump, using appropriate approvals.
- Concrete is poured up to the slab bottom.
- The concrete should be mixed and placed properly by the client.
- A mechanical vibrator should be used to ensure proper compaction of concrete during casting.
- Pouring height should not exceed 1.5m and temperature of concrete should be 30 degrees.
- After pouring, the column's horizontal and vertical alignment should be checked.
- Gaps in formwork are sealed with plaster or wood to prevent leakage.
- Removal of shutters should be done gently to avoid damage.
Types of Columns
- Columns are classified based on various factors including reinforcement type, loading type, slenderness ratio, shape, and construction material.
- Tied Columns: Commonly used, with longitudinal reinforcement confined by closely spaced ties.
- Spiral Columns: Reinforcement is confined within a spiral, leading to higher strength and better ductility. Providing lateral restraint.
- Composite Columns: Use a combination of steel and concrete construction (structural steel section or pipe). Provide enhanced strength and fire resistance.
- Axially Loaded Columns: Load is directly applied to the center of gravity of the cross-section.
- Uniaxially Eccentric Columns: Load is applied away from the center of gravity of the column in one direction.
- Bixially Eccentric Columns: Load is applied away from the center of gravity the column and acts on two axes.
- Short Columns: Ratio of effective length to least lateral dimension under 12. Fail by crushing (pure compression).
- Long Columns: Ratio of effective length to least lateral dimension over 12. Fail by bending or buckling.
- Based on Shape: Square, rectangular, circular, L-shaped, and T-shaped columns exist. Shapes depend on design needs and construction method.
- Steel Columns, Timber Columns, Brick Columns and Block, and Stone Columns exist, with their specific forms.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge about the essential practices in construction related to columns and shuttering. This quiz covers concerns during shutter removal, types of columns, and the use of vibrators when pouring concrete. Make sure to understand the measurements and classifications involved in column construction.
