Construction Anchoring Techniques Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a notable feature of under slab anchors?

They are commonly used in all wall systems.

They are not compatible with curtain wall systems.

They require frequent replacement due to wear.

They are typically used only under special conditions. (correct)

What component is used to provide vertical and lateral movement in the anchor system?

A cylindrical anchor block

A cut hole in the vertical leg of the angle (correct)

A welding joint

A locking nut

What is recommended for the welds of anchor bolts in the anchor system?

Waterproof coating to prevent rusting

No inspection needed as they are inherently strong

Final inspection as they are structural elements (correct)

Regular inspection and immediate repainting

In which wall systems are sophisticated anchors most commonly found?

Unitized wall systems Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of glass behavior in construction?

Glass can behave elastically until it reaches failure. Signup and view all the answers

What additional requirement must be satisfied for internal anchoring of curtain walls extending to grade?

Considerations for air seal closures Signup and view all the answers

What common application does flat glass usually involve in curtain walls?

Wind-loading perpendicular to the glass surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of Tilt-Up construction in elevator shafts?

It eliminates delays caused by other construction trades. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dynamic façade requires user input to function effectively?

User-control dynamic façade Signup and view all the answers

How does the Kiefer Technic Showroom's façade respond to external conditions?

It adjusts by shifting and folding tiles based on weather. Signup and view all the answers

What feature is essential for a building to achieve a 4-hour fire rating?

7.2-inch concrete walls Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of light projection dynamic façades?

They create optical illusions that change with viewer perspective. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary safety concern associated with annealed glass?

It breaks into large jagged shards. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glass is known for being three to five times more resistant to impact and thermal stresses than annealed glass?

Tempered glass Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature does laminated glass offer when broken?

It retains the glass shards. Signup and view all the answers

What process does heat strengthened glass undergo that differs from annealed glass?

It is reheated beyond its annealing point. Signup and view all the answers

Wired glass is primarily used for its ability to prevent what in the event of breakage?

Complete shattering Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glass is most likely to require additional lamination in buildings for enhanced strength?

Heat strengthened glass Signup and view all the answers

How is pattern glass characterized?

It has a geometric surface pattern formed during rolling. Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does tempered glass have over annealed glass after fabrication?

It is stronger and safer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using polyvinyl butyric resin in laminated glass?

To bond glass sheets together. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of obscure glass?

It has one or both sides acid-etched or sandblasted. Signup and view all the answers

Which process weakens the glass while making it difficult to clean?

Acid-etching Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of spandrel glass?

To conceal structural elements in curtain wall construction. Signup and view all the answers

How is insulating glass constructed?

With two or more sheets of glass separated by an air space. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of tinted glass?

It has an applied coating or a chemical admixture. Signup and view all the answers

Which material primarily imparts a grayish tint in tinted glass?

Cobalt oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive feature of reflective glass?

It has a thin, translucent metallic coating. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of low emissivity (low-E) glass?

It transmits visible light while reflecting longer wavelengths of radiant heat. Signup and view all the answers

What is the tilt-up construction system primarily used for?

Prefabricating concrete wall sections in a horizontal position. Signup and view all the answers

What type of glass units have hermetically sealed air spaces for insulation?

Insulating glass Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the Tilt-Up construction process?

Preparing the subgrade and placing the concrete floor slab. Signup and view all the answers

What purpose do release agents serve in the Tilt-Up process?

To facilitate the easy removal of formwork. Signup and view all the answers

How long is the waiting period for concrete to attain sufficient strength before lifting?

1 week to 10 days. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor to consider when determining the height of wall panels?

The vertical access requirements and necessary system allowances. Signup and view all the answers

What happens on lifting day in the Tilt-Up process?

Panels are lifted by crane and set onto the foundation. Signup and view all the answers

What is typically done to support wall panels until the roof structure is attached?

Bracing is installed temporarily. Signup and view all the answers

Which design consideration affects both construction cost and schedule?

The panel height and interior structural framing. Signup and view all the answers

What must occur between wall panels after they are set in place?

Patching to repair minor blemishes. Signup and view all the answers

What are embedded items primarily used for in the Tilt-Up process?

Lifting and bracing hardware. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after the concrete is cured in the Tilt-Up construction process?

Formwork is typically removed. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Curtain Wall Systems

Curtain walls are non-load-bearing walls designed to resist wind, earthquake, and their own weight.
Early use was in medieval fortifications, later in Gothic cathedrals.
Today, any wall resisting lateral forces is considered a curtain wall.

Parts of a Curtain Wall

Anchors: Metal devices securing frames/panels to the building, allowing dimensional adjustment.
Girts: Horizontal members supporting wall sheathing/cladding between exterior columns.
Saifings: Non-combustible materials preventing fire spread between curtain walls and spandrel beams.
Spandrel Beams: Beams between columns supporting floor/roof edges.
Backup Walls: Materials behind curtain walls providing needed fire resistance.
Spandrels: Panel-like areas in multi-story buildings between window sills and heads.

Types of Panel Curtain Walls

Stick Type System: Tubular metal mullions and rails assembled on-site framing vision glass and spandrel units.
Panel System: Preformed metal, stone, concrete, or brick wall units (pre-glazed or glazed after installation).
Unit and Mullion System: One/two-story mullions installed, pre-assembled units lowered behind the mullions. Framed wall units may be pre-glazed or glazed later.
Column Cover and Spandrel System: Vision glass and spandrel units supported by spandrel beams between exterior columns. Column covers can be one piece or assembly.

Anchors

Curtain wall anchors connect the wall to the building.
They can be categorized as gravity/lateral load (fixed) or just lateral load (slotted).
Designs must allow for adjustment to site conditions and accommodate vertical movement but no out-of-plane movement.
Concrete embedded anchors are common.

Glass

Glass behaves differently than other building materials.
It can be a structural member and is strong/rigid, but is brittle and fractures at high stress.
Typical application in curtain walls involves wind loading perpendicular to the glass surface, supported on multiple sides.
Proper edge clearance is necessary to prevent in-plane motions from causing stresses.

Types of Glass

Annealed Glass: Cooled slowly, reducing internal stresses and improving strength and reducing shattering risk. Commonly used in architectural applications.
Heat Strengthened Glass: Annealed glass reheated and slowly cooled to increase strength. Can be twice as strong as annealed glass.
Tempered Glass: Annealed glass reheated and rapidly cooled creating compressive surface stresses for increased impact and thermal resistance. It breaks into small, harmless pieces.
Laminated Glass: Two or more glass plies bonded to an interlayer of material (e.g., polyvinyl butyral) to prevent shattering and absorb impact.
Wired Glass: Flat/patterned glass with a mesh embedded within. Improves wind and impact resilience.
Pattern Glass: Has a linear or geometric pattern to diffuse light or obscure vision.
Obscure Glass: Acid-etched or sandblasted to obscure vision.

Tilt-Up Construction

A precast concrete construction method where wall sections are prefabricated horizontally, tilted into vertical position, and connected to the building's structure.
Economical, fast, durable, fire-resistant, and low maintenance compared to other methods.
Suitable for various building types.

Dynamic Facades

Responsive systems reacting to the environment, either by user control or automatically.
Types include one-axis sliding, multi-axis sliding, folding, one-axis rotation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various features and applications of anchoring systems in construction. This quiz covers key aspects such as under slab anchors, vertical and lateral movement components, and the behavior of glass in curtain walls. Enhance your understanding of sophisticated anchoring solutions used in contemporary building practices.