Construct Validity in Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What does content validity assess in an assessment tool?

  • The representation of the subject matter or behavior (correct)
  • The degree to which the test measures individual differences
  • The consistency of scores with another measure
  • The degree of appearance of the test items

    • Which type of validity evaluates whether assessment scores are consistent with another relevant measure?

  • Discriminant validity
  • Criterion validity (correct)
  • Construct validity
  • Face validity

    • Construct validity is concerned with which of the following?

  • The ease with which participants can complete the assessment
  • How well the assessment represents the construct being measured (correct)
  • The participants' subjective interpretation of the items
  • The accuracy of scores in relation to another tool

    • What is the primary concern when a test exhibits high face validity?

    <p>It may not accurately measure the intended concept.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines discriminant validity in the context of assessment tools?

    <p>The extent to which scores differ from other measures of distinct constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes criterion validity?

    <p>It evaluates the relationship between two assessment tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario would construct validity be particularly important?

    <p>When measuring abstract concepts like intelligence or emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of high face validity?

    <p>It might only measure surface-level aspects of the construct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does criterion validity primarily assess?

    <p>How well a test correlates with an established standard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which situation is likely to lead to a lack of high face validity?

    <p>A typing test for a lifeguard role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of validity focuses on the correlation between a test and its ability to predict future outcomes?

    <p>Predictive validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of high face validity in certain contexts?

    <p>It may encourage socially desirable responding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical method is noted for assessing criterion validity?

    <p>Kruskal-Wallis tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is measured by construct validity?

    <p>The extent to which a test measures the theoretical construct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of validity is primarily assessed by using other established measures in the same timeframe?

    <p>Concurrent validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social desirability may distort the accuracy of self-reports in which of the following areas?

    <p>Substance abuse evaluations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does construct validity primarily assess?

    <p>The degree to which a theoretical model aligns with actual data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes convergent validity?

    <p>The degree to which a measure correlates with related constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is discriminant validity?

    <p>The extent to which a measure does not correlate with unrelated constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which threat to construct validity relates to how the construct is operationally defined?

    <p>Mismatch between the construct and its operational definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Content validity refers to which aspect of a test?

    <p>The representative sample of the subject matter being measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of validity would be concerned if a depression scale poorly correlates with measures of physical fitness?

    <p>Discriminant validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Criterion validity primarily assesses what aspect of a measurement?

    <p>The predictive power of a test regarding outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a potential threat to construct validity?

    <p>Mismatch between tools and constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Construct Validity

    • Aims to understand if a theoretical model accurately represents the data
    • Focuses on the degree to which a test measures a specific concept, trait, or theoretical entity
    • Example: Evaluating if a questionnaire accurately measures aggression, rather than assertiveness or social dominance
    • Threatened by factors such as a mismatch between the construct and its operational definition, bias, experimenter effects, and participant reactions
    • Has two main subtypes: convergent validity and discriminant validity

    Convergent Validity

    • Measures the correlation between a measure and other theoretically related measures of the same construct
    • High correlation with other established measures suggests strong validity
    • Example: A depression scale should correlate highly with other measures of depression

    Discriminant Validity (Divergent Validity)

    • Focuses on the extent to which a measure does not correlate with measures assessing different, unrelated constructs
    • Low correlation with measures of unrelated constructs indicates strong validity
    • Example: A depression scale should not strongly correlate with a measure of physical fitness

    Content Validity

    • Represents the degree to which a test samples the subject matter or behavior being investigated
    • Example: A third-grade arithmetic test should represent the full range of arithmetic operations at that level
    • Example: A typing test for an administrative assistant role has high face validity, but the same test for a lifeguard role may not
    • High face validity can be problematic in areas such as substance abuse and offending behavior, where social desirability may impact responses

    Criterion Validity

    • Measures how well a test correlates with an established standard of comparison, or criterion
    • Three types: predictive, concurrent, and retrospective
    • Example: The Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) assesses health against established measures, demonstrating concurrent validity

    Predictive Validity

    • Aims to predict future outcomes
    • Example: A measure predicting future health outcomes

    Concurrent Validity

    • Measures a test against an established standard of comparison at the same time
    • Example: SF-36 measuring health against established measures at the same time

    Retrospective Validity

    • Examines the relationship between a measure and a criterion that happened in the past
    • Example: A measure assessing past experiences related to a specific outcome

    Practice Effects

    • Changes or improvements in performance resulting from repetition of tasks or activities
    • Particularly relevant in within-subjects designs, as participants' improvement may be due to repetition rather than the study manipulation

    Face Validity

    • The degree to which an assessment tool appears to measure what it intends
    • Example: A test directly measuring aggression may be straightforward but could lead to participants suppressing their true aggression
    • An indirect assessment tool may allow for interpretation of patterns in suppressed aggression, but could be misinterpreted by participants

    Validity Overview

    • Face Validity: Apparent appropriateness of the assessment tool
    • Criterion Validity: Consistency with a relevant measure
    • Construct Validity: Adequacy of the assessment tool in representing the construct
    • Content Validity: Representativeness of the subject matter.

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    Related Documents

    Psychological Assessment and Measurement PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the concept of construct validity, examining how well a theoretical model represents actual data. It covers key subtypes, such as convergent and discriminant validity, and discusses potential threats to validity. Test your understanding of how to accurately measure psychological constructs.

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