Constitution Building in India

भारत के संवैधानिक विकास - संविधान का निर्माण

"भारत के संवैधानिक विकास" एक और हुआ पदवी जो संविधान का निर्माण की अहमियत को बताते हैं. दशकों तक संविधानों का उत्पन्न था जो स्वतंत्रता और लौकिकता के संगत रूप से भारत के समुंदर के जीवन के अन्य योगदानों द्वारा प्राप्त विकास के लिए बहुत ही अहम हैं.

Constitution Building Process

The process of Constitutional building in India began with the formulation of Indian National Congress by eminent leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, W. C. Bonnerjee, A. O. Hume, M G Ranade, Lokmanya Tilak amongst others. Their efforts led to the establishment of the Constituent Assembly in 1946, which was given the task of drafting the Constitution of independent India.

Constituent Assembly Membership

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, who is widely known as the father of the Indian Constitution, chaired the drafting committee. He was joined by a team of legal luminaries such as Dr. Rajendra Prasad, K. Santhanam, N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar, Syed Ahmad Khan, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, D. P. Mishra, Jaspat Roy Kapoor and Hiren Mukerjee, among many others, all of whom played significant role in shaping the constitution of independent India.

Drafting Committee

The most famous composition of the drafting committee would include Dr. B. R. Ambedkar himself; Pandit Nehru committed to social welfare; Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, to unity and integrity; Dr. Rajendra Prasad, to moral authority; Dr. Rammanohar Lohia, whose radicalism questioned authority. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was involved in drafting the Constitution of India from the beginning and was the chairman of the drafting committee. He was assisted by a group of distinguished people like Tej Bahadur Sapru, N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar, K. Santhanam, Syed Ahmad Khan, M. H. S. Mushtaq Ali, and Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer. These members were responsible for drafting the Constitution and ensuring its implementation.

Constitution Building Process in India

The Constituent Assembly first met on December 9, 1946, and sat for the first time on December 14, 1946, after a brief recess. The Constituent Assembly adopted the objective resolution in 1946. The objective resolution was a statement of the ideology of the country. The Constituent Assembly of India finally adopted the Constitution on November 26, 1949.

Constitution Adoption

The Constitution of India was adopted on November 26, 1949. The Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950, which is celebrated as Republic Day. It consists of 395 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules, and 5 appendices.

Constitution Preamble

The preamble to the Constitution of India is an introductory statement of the Constitution, which indicates its general character, the principles upon which it is based, and thereby establishing the source from which the Constitution derives its authority.

Preamble Text

The preamble text in the Constitution of India states, "We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic, to secure to all its citizens: - Justice, social, economic, and political; - Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; - Equality of status and opportunity; and to promote among them all; - Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; - In our constituent assembly this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949; we, the people of India, adopt, enact, and give to ourselves this Constitution."

Constitution Amendments

The Constitution of India has been amended 104 times as of 2023. The amendments have been made keeping in mind the changing needs of the society, as per the needs of the time. The Constitution of India has been amended 101 times in both the Houses of Parliament, and 3 times by resolutions of the Constituent Assembly.

Amendment 104 - 2023

In 2023, a new amendment was made to the Constitution. The amendment was made to include the provision of the right to privacy under the fundamental rights, which was not explicitly mentioned earlier. The amendment was passed by the Rajya Sabha on March 2, 2023, and was passed by the Lok Sabha on March 17, 2023.