Conservation of Momentum

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Questions and Answers

Under what condition is momentum conserved in a system?

  • When internal forces are not equal and opposite.
  • When the net external force is negligible compared to internal forces. (correct)
  • When the system is non-isolated.
  • When external forces are present and significant.

What principle underpins the conservation of momentum?

  • The Law of Universal Gravitation.
  • Newton's Third Law of Motion. (correct)
  • The First Law of Thermodynamics.
  • Newton's Second Law of Motion.

In an isolated system, if two objects collide, what happens to the total momentum of the system?

  • It becomes zero.
  • It increases.
  • It decreases.
  • It remains constant. (correct)

What condition must be met for internal forces to ensure no net change in a system's momentum?

<p>Internal forces must come in equal and opposite pairs. (D)</p>
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Under what circumstances does the center of mass of a system remain unchanged?

<p>When there is no external force acting on the system or it is moving at a constant velocity.. (C)</p>
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Why is it important to consider the momentum of objects immediately before and after a collision or interaction?

<p>To ensure the equations remain valid by minimizing the influence of external forces. (A)</p>
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What might occur if measurements are taken too early or too late when analyzing collisions using the conservation of momentum?

<p>External forces may influence motion, invalidating the equations. (A)</p>
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What defines an isolated system in the context of conservation of momentum?

<p>A system where no external net force acts on it. (D)</p>
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How do external forces affect the conservation of momentum in a system?

<p>They can alter the system's momentum, unless they cancel each other out or are negligible. (A)</p>
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In what types of collisions does the total momentum of the system remain constant?

<p>In both elastic and inelastic collisions. (C)</p>
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If a system consists of two objects experiencing equal and opposite internal forces, what is the net effect on the system's total momentum?

<p>There is no net change in the system's total momentum. (D)</p>
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Under what condition is the application of Conservation of Momentum equations most accurate?

<p>Over a very brief time interval. (C)</p>
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Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies conservation of momentum?

<p>Two billiard balls colliding on a frictionless table. (B)</p>
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When analyzing a collision, prioritizing momentum measurement immediately before and after the event primarily minimizes the impact of what factor?

<p>External Forces Acting On the System. (B)</p>
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What is the significance of Newton's Third Law in the context of momentum conservation?

<p>It provides the basis for understanding how internal forces in a system maintain constant momentum. (A)</p>
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A system consists of a skateboarder and their skateboard. If the skateboarder jumps off the skateboard, which direction does the skateboard move in relation to the skateboarder, assuming no external forces?

<p>The skateboard moves in the opposite direction the skateboarder jumps. (D)</p>
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A closed system contains two objects. Object A exerts a force on Object B. According to the principles discussed, what can you conclude about the force exerted by Object B on Object A?

<p>Object B exerts an equal force in the opposite direction. (A)</p>
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In a scenario where a tennis ball hits a stationary bowling ball, which of the following is most likely to occur immediately after the impact, considering momentum conservation?

<p>The tennis ball bounces back, and the bowling ball moves slightly forward. (C)</p>
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A spacecraft is moving at a constant velocity in deep space. If the spacecraft expels fuel in one direction, what happens to the spacecraft's momentum?

<p>The spacecraft's momentum remains constant while its velocity increases. (C)</p>
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Two ice skaters, initially at rest, push off each other on a frictionless surface. One skater has twice the mass of the other. What is the ratio of their speeds immediately after they separate?

<p>2:1 (B)</p>
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Flashcards

When is momentum conserved?

Momentum is conserved when no external forces act on the system, or the net external force is negligible.

Newton's Third Law

Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Isolated System

Momentum is conserved if the system is isolated, meaning no external net force acts on it.

Internal Forces Only

When only internal forces are present, they come in equal and opposite pairs, ensuring no net change in the system's momentum.

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Momentum in Collisions

In collisions, the total momentum of the system remains constant, even if individual objects experience momentum changes.

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Center of Mass Stability

The center of mass remains unchanged unless there is an external force acting on the system.

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Timing of Momentum Measurement

Apply Conservation of Momentum equations immediately before and after collision events for accuracy.

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Study Notes

  • Momentum is conserved when there are no external forces acting on a system.
  • Momentum is conserved when the net external force is negligible compared to forces exchanged within the system.
  • Conservation of momentum is based on Newton's Third Law.
  • Newton's Third Law states: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Conservation of Momentum Application

  • The Conservation of Momentum can describe how objects interact under specific conditions

Isolated System

  • Momentum is conserved if the system is isolated.
  • An isolated system means no external net force acts on it.
  • If external forces are present, they must cancel each other or be negligible over the time interval of interest

Internal Forces

  • If only internal forces (forces between objects within the system) are present, these forces are in equal and opposite pairs.
  • Internal forces ensure no net change in the system's momentum.

Collisions and Interactions

  • The total momentum of the system remains constant in collisions, whether elastic or inelastic.
  • Individual objects within the system experience momentum changes during collisions.

Center of Mass

  • The center of mass remains unchanged unless there is an external force on the system.
  • The center of mass remains unchanged if the system is moving at a constant velocity

Applying Conservation of Momentum

  • Conservation of Momentum equations must hold over a brief time interval to be applied accurately.
  • Analyze the momentum of objects immediately before and after collisions/interactions.
  • Measuring too early or late allows external forces to influence motion, invalidating the equations

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