29 Questions
What is a characteristic of a conscious individual?
Aware of himself and his environment
What is the function of the ascending reticular activating system?
To project diffusely to the cerebral cortex of both sides
What is the most common cause of coma?
Organic causes
What is the primary location of the function of consciousness?
Cerebral cortex
What is the difference between delirium and stupor?
Delirium is a state of confusion, while stupor is a state of decreased consciousness
What is the primary mechanism by which local lesions can cause coma?
Acting directly on the brain stem
What is suggested by a sudden or rapid onset, hypertension, focal signs, and signs of meningeal irritation?
Hypertensive encephalopathy
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of diabetic coma?
Air hunger and smell of acetone in breathing
What is suggested by a child or young adult, subacute onset, fever, headache, and vomiting?
Cerebral infection
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of hypoglycemic coma?
Excessive sweating with collapse
What is suggested by a history and signs of injury?
Head injury
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of uraemic coma?
Hissing breathing with urinous odor
What is the score for a patient who withdraws in response to pain on the Glasgow Coma Scale?
4
What is the primary purpose of a urine analysis in a comatose patient?
To detect underlying diabetic or uremic conditions
What is the primary concern in the management of a comatose patient?
Ensuring good airway and adequate oxygenation
What is the prognosis for a comatose patient with a serious cerebral hemorrhage?
Poor
What is the purpose of placing a comatose patient in a lateral decubitus position?
To help with screening
What is one of the criteria for determining brain death?
Unresponsive to stimuli above the foramen magnum
What is a possible cause of unconsciousness suggested by emotional upset?
Hysterical trance
During physical examination, what is the significance of conjugate deviation in the eyes?
Indicates hemiplegia
What is the purpose of taking a history from the patient's relatives?
To know the patient's background and medical history
What is the significance of a subnormal temperature in a patient with coma?
Indicates all other comas except pontine hemorrhage and cerebral malaria
What is the significance of purulent discharge from the ear in a patient with coma?
Indicates brain abscess
What should be done with circumstantial evidence found during investigation?
It should be scrutinized with care and checked by physical examination
What is the minimum duration of absent brain function required for diagnosing brain death in adults with a known structural cause and without drug intoxication?
At least 6 hours
What is the minimum duration of observation required for diagnosing brain death in infants aged 7 days to 2 months?
At least 48 hours
What is an optional confirmatory study for diagnosing brain death?
EEG isolectric for 30 minutes at maximal gain
What is the minimum temperature required for diagnosing brain death?
Above 34°C
What is present in someone who meets the criteria for brain death?
Purely spinal reflexes
This quiz covers the concept of consciousness, its localization in the brain, and the roles of the cerebral cortex, cerebral hemisphere, and brain stem in conscious awareness.
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