47 Questions
What is the primary composition of the embryonic mesenchyme?
A viscous ground substance with few collagen fibers
What is the characteristic shape of mesenchymal cells?
Spindle-shaped
Which of the following is NOT a type of cell that mesenchymal cells can differentiate into?
Epithelial cells
What is the main function of connective tissue?
To provide a matrix that supports and connects other tissues and cells
What is the primary constituent of connective tissue?
A combination of protein fibers and ground substance
What is the primary function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?
To produce and maintain the tissue's extracellular component
What stimulates fibroblasts to undergo division in connective tissue?
The stimulation by growth factors
What is a major component of the extracellular matrix synthesized by fibroblasts?
Elastin and collagen
What is the primary reason why fibroblasts are important for tissue repair?
They synthesize and secrete extracellular matrix components
What is the relationship between fibroblasts and growth factors?
Fibroblasts are targets of growth factors
What is the primary function of adipocytes in connective tissue?
To produce heat through the storage of neutral fats
What is the average diameter of a macrophage?
10-30 um
What is the origin of macrophages in the body?
From monocytes circulating in the blood
What is the result of monocytes crossing the epithelial wall of the small venules and entering connective tissue?
They differentiate and mature into macrophages
What is the primary function of macrophages in connective tissue?
To remove apoptotic cells and tissue debris
What is the result of the transformation of monocytes to macrophages in connective tissue?
Increase in cell size, protein synthesis, and Golgi complex and lysosome
What is the role of macrophages in connective tissue?
To remove apoptotic cells, tissue debris, and other particulate material
What is the name given to macrophages present in most organs?
Histiocytes
What is the origin of monocytes in the body?
They are formed in the yolk sac during early embryonic development
What is the location of the nucleus in a macrophage?
Eccentrically located
What is the name of the sulfated GAG that acts locally as an anticoagulant?
Heparin
What is the term for the display of different colors when stained with basic dyes?
Metachromasia
What is the function of histamine in mast cells?
Increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction
What is the primary role of cytokines in mast cells?
Direction of leukocyte activities
What is the size range of mast cell granules?
0.3-2.0 um
What is the shape of mast cells?
Oval or irregular
What is the function of serine proteases in mast cells?
Activate various mediators of inflammation
What is the relationship between cytokines and leukocytes in mast cells?
Cytokines direct the activity of leukocytes
What is the effect of histamine on vascular permeability in mast cells?
Increases vascular permeability
What is the term for the display of different colors when stained with basic dyes in mast cells?
Metachromasia
What is the function of heparin in mast cells?
Acts as an anticoagulant
What is the role of phospholipid precursors in mast cells?
Convert to prostaglandins and leukotrienes
What is the primary function of mast cells in the body?
To release chemical mediators promoting immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Where do mast cells originate from?
Bone marrow
What type of hypersensitivity reaction do mast cells trigger?
Immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Where do mast cells migrate to after originating from the bone marrow?
Small venules
What is the fate of mast cells after crossing the wall of small venules?
They differentiate into mature mast cells
What is the primary function of plasma cells?
Producing and secreting antibodies
What is the characteristic feature of the cytoplasm of plasma cells?
Basophilic and rich in RER
Where is the nucleus typically located in a plasma cell?
Eccentrically located
What is the approximate lifespan of a plasma cell?
10-20 days
What is the shape of a plasma cell?
Ovoid
What is the primary mechanism by which leukocytes migrate from the bloodstream to the connective tissue?
Through a process of diapedesis and migration between endothelial cells
What triggers the increase in leukocyte migration from the bloodstream to the connective tissue?
Inflammation
What is released from various cells during the inflammatory response, leading to the migration of leukocytes?
Chemical mediators
What is the primary function of the inflammatory response?
To defend against injury or foreign substances
What is the site where leukocytes migrate to during inflammation?
Connective tissue
Understand the composition and formation of connective tissue, including the extracellular matrix and its components. Learn about the embryonic origins of connective tissue and the characteristics of mesenchymal cells.
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