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Which type of connective tissue provides a supportive framework in soft tissues such as the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes?
What is the primary component of the extracellular matrix in loose connective tissue?
Which type of cell is responsible for secreting collagen fibers?
What type of connective tissue is characterized by high density of collagen fibers and forms tendons and ligaments?
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Which glycosaminoglycan is primarily responsible for the high water content in ground substance?
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Which type of fiber provides resistance to stretching in connective tissues?
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Which type of connective tissue is primarily involved in energy storage?
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What is the main role of elastin in elastic fibers?
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What is the main cellular component found in cartilage?
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Which of the following is a key functional property of connective tissue?
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What is the primary role of pericytes in blood vessels?
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In regard to Young's modulus, what does a steep slope on the stress-strain curve indicate?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between stress and strain in connective tissue?
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What occurs when tissue experiences loads exceeding its adaptive capacity?
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What is the effect of manual loading on tissue adaptability according to the content?
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Which region on the stress-strain curve represents the initial response phase of a tendon?
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During rehabilitation, what is the goal concerning the envelope of tissue homeostasis?
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Which statement accurately describes the function of connective tissue?
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What is indicated by stress being applied to a material's cross-sectional area?
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What happens when healthy individuals encounter loads below their minimum effective dose threshold?
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Study Notes
Connective Tissue Properties
- Connective tissues connect, support, and bind other tissues.
- Classified into three main groups: loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, and specialized connective tissues.
- Loose connective tissue holds organs in place and consists of extracellular matrix, collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers.
- Dense connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments and has a higher density of collagen fibers.
- Specialized connective tissues include adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and lymph.
- All connective tissues are composed of three main components: ground substance, fibers, and cells.
Ground Substance
- A sticky, amorphous material with high water content.
- Fills spaces between cells and fibers, forming a gel-like structure.
- Composed of large molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that link together to form proteoglycans.
- Provides resistance to compressive forces.
Fibers
- Secreted by fibroblasts.
- Three types: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers.
Collagen fibers
- Predominantly type I collagen (most abundant protein in the body).
- Provide tensile strength, resisting stretching forces.
### Elastic fibers
- Contain elastin and fibrillin.
- Allow elasticity, stretching and returning to original length.
Reticular fibers
- Composed of type III collagen.
- Provide support, forming a network in the reticular lamina of basement membranes found in soft tissues.
Cells
- Bone contains osteocytes and osteoblasts, which secrete bone matrix.
- Cartilage contains chondrocytes and chondroblasts, which secrete cartilage matrix.
- Blood vessels contain endothelial cells and pericytes.
- Pericytes can divide and contribute to fibroblast formation after tissue injury.
Connective Tissue Functions
- Resistance to stretch and tear.
- Structural support.
- Insulation.
- Storage of body fuels.
- Medium for intercellular exchange.
Young's Modulus
- Measures resistance of a material to external forces (tension or compression).
- Higher Young's modulus means steeper slope on the stress-strain curve, indicating high stiffness and low compliance (e.g., bone).
- Lower Young's modulus means gradual slope on the stress-strain curve, indicating low stiffness and high compliance (e.g., subcutaneous fat).
Stress and Strain
- Stress: Force applied per unit cross-sectional area of a material (measured in Mega Pascals).
- Strain: Percentage change in length of a material in response to load application.
Stress on Bone
- Stress-strain curve for compact bone shows a linear relationship between stress and strain until reaching a yield point.
- Young's modulus (E) represents stiffness of the material.
Stress-Strain on Tendon/Ligament
- Three regions in the stress-strain curve:
- Toe region: Initial low load and deformation.
- Linear region: Proportional relationship between stress and strain.
- Failure region: Point where tissue starts to fail.
Tissue Homeostasis
- Maintenance of a stable internal environment in tissues.
- Excessive stress can disrupt homeostasis, leading to tissue damage.
- Loads below the threshold can lead to detraining effects.
- Healthy individuals have a wide range between their minimal effective dose and maximum tolerated dose.
- Injury narrows this range, requiring more precise dosage for rehabilitation.
Manual Loading
- Plays a vital role in tissue repair, flow dynamics, and adaptability.
- Type of mechanical forces applied during treatment influences healing processes.
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Description
Explore the essential properties and classifications of connective tissues. This quiz covers loose, dense, and specialized connective tissues, along with their components like ground substance and fibers. Ideal for students studying anatomy and physiology.
