Connective Tissue Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary functions of connective tissue?

  • Regulating metabolism
  • Insulation (correct)
  • Generating electrical impulses
  • Producing hormones

    • Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue?

  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Nerve (correct)
  • Blood

    • What is the primary component that all connective tissues have in common?

  • Epithelial cells
  • Muscle fibers
  • Ground substance (correct)
  • Nerve fibers

    • What role do proteoglycans play in connective tissue?

    <p>They help to trap water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of connective tissue?

    <p>Mesoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collagen is primarily found in skin, tendon, and bone?

    <p>Type I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of elastic fibers in connective tissue?

    <p>They allow stretch and return to their original shape. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes fibrocartilage from hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Fibrocartilage is compressible and resists tension. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function of bone tissue?

    <p>Storage of fat and minerals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is part of the axial skeleton?

    <p>Ribcage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cartilage play in the body?

    <p>Supports and reinforces structures while allowing flexibility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcification of cartilage primarily occurs due to:

    <p>Conversion into a more rigid bone structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collagen serves as part of the basal laminae?

    <p>Type IV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Connective Tissue Function

    Connective tissues have several functions, including binding and supporting, protection, insulation, storing, and transporting.

    Connective Tissue Types

    Connective tissue is categorized into connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood (technically).

    Connective Tissue Origin

    Most connective tissues originate from mesenchyme during embryonic development.

    Connective Tissue Matrix

    Connective tissue is characterized by an extracellular matrix that separates and supports cells.

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    Connective Tissue Components

    The main components of Connective Tissue are ground substance, fibres, and cells.

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    Collagen Function

    Provides strength and support to structures like skin, tendons, bones, ligaments, and dentin.

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    Elastic Fiber Function

    Allows tissue to stretch and recoil, providing flexibility. Found in skin, lungs, and blood vessels.

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    Cartilage Properties

    Cartilage resists tension and compression, lacks blood vessels and nerves, and heals slowly. Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage types exist.

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    Hyaline Cartilage Location

    Most common type of cartilage; found at the ends of long bones, nose, larynx, and trachea.

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    Bone Composition

    Bone is a rigid tissue containing calcium salts and a matrix similar to cartilage. It supports, protects, and stores minerals.

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    Axial Skeleton Function

    The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body (skull, vertebral column, ribcage), providing protection and support.

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    Bone Marrow Function

    Bone marrow is a site for blood formation (hematopoiesis) and fat storage (energy).

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    Fibrocartilage Location

    Found in intervertebral discs and the knee, providing compression resistance and shock absorption.

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    Study Notes

    Connective Tissue

    • Connective tissues are diverse tissues with multiple functions, including binding & supporting, protection, insulation, storage, and transport.
    • Four main types: connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.
    • Originate from mesenchyme (embryonic tissue).
    • Vary in vascularity.
    • All have an extracellular matrix separating living cells, providing resistance to stress.
    • Comprised of three main components: ground substance, fibres, and cells.

    Ground Substance

    • Unstructured material filling spaces between cells.
    • Contains interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins (e.g., holding cells to the matrix), and proteoglycans.
    • Proteoglycans have a protein core with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
    • GAGs are negatively charged, trapping water, increasing viscosity (e.g., hyaluronic acid).

    Fibres

    • Provide support to structures.
    • Collagen: Strongest and most common, most abundant animal protein. Forms bundles, cross-links for high tensile strength. Types differ in structure and location.
      • Type I: skin, tendons, bone, ligaments, dentin
      • Type II: cartilage, vitreous humor
      • Type III: skin, muscle, blood vessels
      • Type IV: basal laminae
      • Type IX: cartilage, vitreous humor
    • Elastic: Long, thin, branching network. Allow stretch (elastin) limited by collagen. Return to original shape when relaxed. Found in skin, lungs, blood vessels.
    • Reticular: Continuous, branched network of collagen fibers. Provides support around blood vessels and soft tissues.

    Cartilage

    • Resists tension and compression.
    • Density falls between connective tissue and bone.
    • Lacks nerves and blood vessels (repair slow).
    • Calcifies (turns to bone) with age.
    • Types:
      • Hyaline: Most common; supports, reinforces. Found in ends of long bones, nose, larynx, trachea.
      • Elastic: Similar to hyaline but with more elastic fibers. Maintains shape while flexible; found in ear (pinna), epiglottis.
      • Fibrocartilage: Less dense than hyaline. Compressible and resists tension; absorbs compressive shock, withstands pressure. Found in intervertebral discs, knee.

    Bone

    • Also called osseous tissue, provides support and protection.
    • Contains cavities for fat storage & blood cell synthesis.
    • Matrix similar to cartilage but denser.
    • Contains calcium salts (bone salts).
    • Has central canals with blood vessels and nerves.

    Bone Functions

    • Anchorage: Attachment site for skeletal muscles. Forms levers.
    • Production: Haematopoiesis (blood formation) in bone marrow.
    • Hormones: Influences insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, and energy use.
    • Storage: Triglycerides (energy store), calcium, and phosphates (blood ions replenishment).

    Skeleton

    • Two groups:
      • Axial: Forms central axis of the body (skull, vertebral column, ribcage). Provides protection and support.
      • Appendicular: Includes upper and lower limbs, and girdles (shoulders and hips). Primarily for locomotion and movement.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential elements of connective tissues, including their types, functions, and structural components like ground substance and fibers. Dive into the roles of collagen in providing strength and the significance of the extracellular matrix. Test your knowledge on the varied nature and origins of connective tissue.

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