Connective Tissue Flashcards Chapters 1, 5
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Questions and Answers

Select all that apply to ground substance.

  • It contains large lipid complexes that absorb water. (correct)
  • It may contain hyaluronic acid. (correct)
  • It is found inside of cells.
  • It is nonliving. (correct)

    • Select all the cells that remain in a connective tissue, helping to support, maintain, and repair the extracellular matrix.

  • Plasma cells
  • Fibroblasts (correct)
  • Adipocytes (correct)
  • Mesenchymal cells (correct)

    • What are the functions of connective tissue?

    Physical protection, Storage of adipocytes and calcium, Transport via the blood

    Which molecules may be found in ground substance?

    <p>Proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein fiber predominates in ligaments?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Check all of the statements that are correct regarding the classification of exocrine glands.

    <p>Tubular glands have uniform diameter of the duct and secretory portions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes a holocrine gland from merocrine and apocrine glands?

    <p>Secretions are released by rupture of whole cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Check all of the statements that are true regarding keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

    <p>Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium forms the epidermis of the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Check all of the items that are possible functions of epithelial tissue.

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Check all of the statements regarding epithelial structure and function that are true.

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium allows for rapid absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function is appropriate for epithelium in the stomach?

    <p>Secreting substances for chemical digestion in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Check all that apply to positive feedback.

    <p>A change is amplified, driving the body away from homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an example of homeostasis?

    <p>Maintaining body temperature by putting on a hoodie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some homeostatic imbalances cause a variable that is normally controlled by negative feedback to be abnormally controlled by positive feedback.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a variable is regulated by negative feedback, its value fluctuates above and below the set point rather than being a constant.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amplification process seen when a blood vessel is damaged?

    <p>Positive feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the example of negative feedback when blood sugar levels increase after a meal?

    <p>Negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During childbirth, if this is a positive feedback process, select the likely next step.

    <p>Oxytocin causes the uterus to contract, further stimulating the receptors and releasing more oxytocin from the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is homeostasis best described?

    <p>The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite a changing external environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following body structures are good examples of effectors?

    <p>Smooth muscle of bronchioles in lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When there is a change in the internal body environment, how will the body react to maintain homeostasis by negative feedback?

    <p>Oppose the change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Check all that apply to homeostatic imbalances.

    <p>They often lead to disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dilating blood vessels in the skin in an effort to radiate heat away from the body is a form of?

    <p>Negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When we have an infection, we often develop a fever. What is the body trying to accomplish by temporarily raising the body temperature?

    <p>Slow the replication of the germ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best described as which of the following?

    <p>Positive feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example with thermoreceptors detecting body temperature and skeletal muscles warming up, what is the effector?

    <p>Skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true of positive feedback?

    <p>The change is amplified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When maintaining a stability internal environment, if blood pressure increased to 130 mm Hg, your body would __________ blood pressure.

    <p>decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If heart rate decreased to 40 beats per minute, your body would __________ heart rate.

    <p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If oxygen levels in the blood decreased to 75 mm Hg, your body would _________ breathing.

    <p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If your body temperature increased to 105 F, you would try to _________ temperature.

    <p>decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In each case above, when something happened to cause a change in one direction, the body responded with a change in the _________ direction to help maintain a stable internal environment.

    <p>opposite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most homeostatic regulations occur through _________ feedback.

    <p>negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select all that are true about nervous tissue.

    <p>Electrically excitable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select all that are functions of neurons and glial cells.

    <p>Protect neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of skeletal muscle?

    <p>Voluntary, Moves the skeleton, Multi nucleated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of cardiac muscle?

    <p>Contracts without nervous innervation, Connected by intercalated discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of smooth muscle?

    <p>Mostly found in the viscera, Helps move contents through a hollow organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines smooth muscle?

    <p>This type of muscle lacks striations and is found in the walls of most viscera such as the stomach and blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does smooth muscle do?

    <p>Regulates the size of organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Cells are tapered at each end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Cells are not striated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does smooth muscle do?

    <p>Forces fluid through tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of smooth muscle in relation to skin?

    <p>Raises the hairs in the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is smooth muscle located?

    <p>Is located in hollow organs, such as the stomach and small and large intestines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is skeletal muscle attached?

    <p>Attached to bone or other connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Cells are cylindrical and striated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the excitable cells of the nervous system called?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most numerous cells of nervous tissue?

    <p>Neuroglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neuroglia?

    <p>Protect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body of a neuron called?

    <p>Neurosoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What receives signals from other cells?

    <p>Dendrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Check all of the statements that are true regarding the structure and functions of nervous tissue.

    <p>The short, branched processes that extend from the neuron cell body are called dendrites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines cardiac muscle?

    <p>Striated, involuntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines skeletal muscle?

    <p>Striated, voluntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines smooth muscle?

    <p>No striations, involuntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve cell process receives incoming signals and transmits them to the cell body?

    <p>Dendrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Check all that are true regarding muscle types.

    <p>Cells or fibers appear striated (banded)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Cells are large, long, and cylindrical, with many nuclei located at the periphery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of cardiac muscle?

    <p>Pumps the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of skeletal muscle?

    <p>Moves the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects cardiac muscle cells?

    <p>Cells are branched and connected to one another by intercalated discs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is skeletal muscle found?

    <p>Is located in the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the amount of light entering the eye?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Connective Tissue

    • Ground substance is nonliving, may contain hyaluronic acid, and large lipid complexes that absorb water.
    • Key cells that support and repair extracellular matrix include fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, and adipocytes.
    • Functions of connective tissue: physical protection, energy storage as adipocytes, and nutrient transport via blood.
    • Ground substance molecules include glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.
    • Collagen predominates in ligaments, providing strength but limited stretch.

    Exocrine Glands

    • Simple glands have a single, unbranched secretory portion, while compound glands have branched ducts.
    • Tubular glands have uniform diameters; acinar glands consist of secretory acini and tubules.
    • Holocrine glands release secretions by rupturing whole cells, differentiating them from merocrine and apocrine glands.

    Epithelial Tissue

    • Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium primarily forms the skin's epidermis, with dead cells on the outer surface.
    • Functions of epithelial tissue include protection, absorption, and sensation.
    • Simple squamous epithelium enables rapid absorption; microvilli on simple columnar epithelium enhance absorption.
    • Stomach epithelium specializes in secreting substances for chemical digestion.

    Homeostasis

    • Positive feedback amplifies changes, moving the body away from homeostasis until a climactic event occurs.
    • In contrast, negative feedback opposes changes to maintain a stable internal environment.
    • Examples of homeostatic mechanisms: decreasing blood pressure if elevated, increasing heart rate if low, and maintaining oxygen levels through respiratory adjustments.
    • Homeostatic imbalances can result from aging and can lead to diseases where feedback loops malfunction.

    Nervous Tissue

    • Nervous tissue is composed of neurons, which are electrically excitable cells, and glial cells that protect and support neurons.
    • The neurosoma is the neuron cell body, supported by dendrites that receive signals.
    • Key features of muscles include:
      • Skeletal muscle: striated, voluntary, multi-nucleated, attached to bones.
      • Cardiac muscle: striated, involuntary, pumps blood, connected by intercalated discs.
      • Smooth muscle: non-striated, involuntary, regulates organ sizes, found in hollow organs.

    Muscle Characteristics

    • Skeletal muscle cells are large, long, cylindrical, and multi-nucleated; they facilitate body movements.
    • Cardiac muscle is specifically responsible for blood pumping.
    • Smooth muscle controls involuntary functions, like regulating light entry into the eye and assisting in the movement of contents through hollow organs.

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    Test your knowledge on connective tissues with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapters 1 and 5. Focus on the properties of ground substance and the cells involved in maintaining the extracellular matrix. Ideal for students seeking to reinforce their understanding of human anatomy.

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