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Questions and Answers
Select all that apply to ground substance.
Select all that apply to ground substance.
- It contains large lipid complexes that absorb water. (correct)
- It may contain hyaluronic acid. (correct)
- It is found inside of cells.
- It is nonliving. (correct)
Select all the cells that remain in a connective tissue, helping to support, maintain, and repair the extracellular matrix.
Select all the cells that remain in a connective tissue, helping to support, maintain, and repair the extracellular matrix.
- Plasma cells
- Fibroblasts (correct)
- Adipocytes (correct)
- Mesenchymal cells (correct)
What are the functions of connective tissue?
What are the functions of connective tissue?
Physical protection, Storage of adipocytes and calcium, Transport via the blood
Which molecules may be found in ground substance?
Which molecules may be found in ground substance?
What protein fiber predominates in ligaments?
What protein fiber predominates in ligaments?
Check all of the statements that are correct regarding the classification of exocrine glands.
Check all of the statements that are correct regarding the classification of exocrine glands.
What feature distinguishes a holocrine gland from merocrine and apocrine glands?
What feature distinguishes a holocrine gland from merocrine and apocrine glands?
Check all of the statements that are true regarding keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Check all of the statements that are true regarding keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Check all of the items that are possible functions of epithelial tissue.
Check all of the items that are possible functions of epithelial tissue.
Check all of the statements regarding epithelial structure and function that are true.
Check all of the statements regarding epithelial structure and function that are true.
What function is appropriate for epithelium in the stomach?
What function is appropriate for epithelium in the stomach?
Check all that apply to positive feedback.
Check all that apply to positive feedback.
Which of the following is not an example of homeostasis?
Which of the following is not an example of homeostasis?
Some homeostatic imbalances cause a variable that is normally controlled by negative feedback to be abnormally controlled by positive feedback.
Some homeostatic imbalances cause a variable that is normally controlled by negative feedback to be abnormally controlled by positive feedback.
When a variable is regulated by negative feedback, its value fluctuates above and below the set point rather than being a constant.
When a variable is regulated by negative feedback, its value fluctuates above and below the set point rather than being a constant.
What is the amplification process seen when a blood vessel is damaged?
What is the amplification process seen when a blood vessel is damaged?
What is the example of negative feedback when blood sugar levels increase after a meal?
What is the example of negative feedback when blood sugar levels increase after a meal?
During childbirth, if this is a positive feedback process, select the likely next step.
During childbirth, if this is a positive feedback process, select the likely next step.
How is homeostasis best described?
How is homeostasis best described?
Which of the following body structures are good examples of effectors?
Which of the following body structures are good examples of effectors?
When there is a change in the internal body environment, how will the body react to maintain homeostasis by negative feedback?
When there is a change in the internal body environment, how will the body react to maintain homeostasis by negative feedback?
Check all that apply to homeostatic imbalances.
Check all that apply to homeostatic imbalances.
Dilating blood vessels in the skin in an effort to radiate heat away from the body is a form of?
Dilating blood vessels in the skin in an effort to radiate heat away from the body is a form of?
When we have an infection, we often develop a fever. What is the body trying to accomplish by temporarily raising the body temperature?
When we have an infection, we often develop a fever. What is the body trying to accomplish by temporarily raising the body temperature?
When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best described as which of the following?
When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best described as which of the following?
In the example with thermoreceptors detecting body temperature and skeletal muscles warming up, what is the effector?
In the example with thermoreceptors detecting body temperature and skeletal muscles warming up, what is the effector?
Which of the following is true of positive feedback?
Which of the following is true of positive feedback?
When maintaining a stability internal environment, if blood pressure increased to 130 mm Hg, your body would __________ blood pressure.
When maintaining a stability internal environment, if blood pressure increased to 130 mm Hg, your body would __________ blood pressure.
If heart rate decreased to 40 beats per minute, your body would __________ heart rate.
If heart rate decreased to 40 beats per minute, your body would __________ heart rate.
If oxygen levels in the blood decreased to 75 mm Hg, your body would _________ breathing.
If oxygen levels in the blood decreased to 75 mm Hg, your body would _________ breathing.
If your body temperature increased to 105 F, you would try to _________ temperature.
If your body temperature increased to 105 F, you would try to _________ temperature.
In each case above, when something happened to cause a change in one direction, the body responded with a change in the _________ direction to help maintain a stable internal environment.
In each case above, when something happened to cause a change in one direction, the body responded with a change in the _________ direction to help maintain a stable internal environment.
Most homeostatic regulations occur through _________ feedback.
Most homeostatic regulations occur through _________ feedback.
Select all that are true about nervous tissue.
Select all that are true about nervous tissue.
Select all that are functions of neurons and glial cells.
Select all that are functions of neurons and glial cells.
What is the definition of skeletal muscle?
What is the definition of skeletal muscle?
What is the definition of cardiac muscle?
What is the definition of cardiac muscle?
What is the definition of smooth muscle?
What is the definition of smooth muscle?
What defines smooth muscle?
What defines smooth muscle?
What does smooth muscle do?
What does smooth muscle do?
What is a characteristic of smooth muscle cells?
What is a characteristic of smooth muscle cells?
What is true about smooth muscle cells?
What is true about smooth muscle cells?
What does smooth muscle do?
What does smooth muscle do?
What is the function of smooth muscle in relation to skin?
What is the function of smooth muscle in relation to skin?
Where is smooth muscle located?
Where is smooth muscle located?
Where is skeletal muscle attached?
Where is skeletal muscle attached?
What is a characteristic of skeletal muscle cells?
What is a characteristic of skeletal muscle cells?
What are the excitable cells of the nervous system called?
What are the excitable cells of the nervous system called?
What are the most numerous cells of nervous tissue?
What are the most numerous cells of nervous tissue?
What is the role of neuroglia?
What is the role of neuroglia?
What is the body of a neuron called?
What is the body of a neuron called?
What receives signals from other cells?
What receives signals from other cells?
Check all of the statements that are true regarding the structure and functions of nervous tissue.
Check all of the statements that are true regarding the structure and functions of nervous tissue.
What defines cardiac muscle?
What defines cardiac muscle?
What defines skeletal muscle?
What defines skeletal muscle?
What defines smooth muscle?
What defines smooth muscle?
Which nerve cell process receives incoming signals and transmits them to the cell body?
Which nerve cell process receives incoming signals and transmits them to the cell body?
Check all that are true regarding muscle types.
Check all that are true regarding muscle types.
What describes skeletal muscle cells?
What describes skeletal muscle cells?
What is a key function of cardiac muscle?
What is a key function of cardiac muscle?
What is the function of skeletal muscle?
What is the function of skeletal muscle?
What connects cardiac muscle cells?
What connects cardiac muscle cells?
Where is skeletal muscle found?
Where is skeletal muscle found?
What regulates the amount of light entering the eye?
What regulates the amount of light entering the eye?
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Study Notes
Connective Tissue
- Ground substance is nonliving, may contain hyaluronic acid, and large lipid complexes that absorb water.
- Key cells that support and repair extracellular matrix include fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, and adipocytes.
- Functions of connective tissue: physical protection, energy storage as adipocytes, and nutrient transport via blood.
- Ground substance molecules include glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.
- Collagen predominates in ligaments, providing strength but limited stretch.
Exocrine Glands
- Simple glands have a single, unbranched secretory portion, while compound glands have branched ducts.
- Tubular glands have uniform diameters; acinar glands consist of secretory acini and tubules.
- Holocrine glands release secretions by rupturing whole cells, differentiating them from merocrine and apocrine glands.
Epithelial Tissue
- Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium primarily forms the skin's epidermis, with dead cells on the outer surface.
- Functions of epithelial tissue include protection, absorption, and sensation.
- Simple squamous epithelium enables rapid absorption; microvilli on simple columnar epithelium enhance absorption.
- Stomach epithelium specializes in secreting substances for chemical digestion.
Homeostasis
- Positive feedback amplifies changes, moving the body away from homeostasis until a climactic event occurs.
- In contrast, negative feedback opposes changes to maintain a stable internal environment.
- Examples of homeostatic mechanisms: decreasing blood pressure if elevated, increasing heart rate if low, and maintaining oxygen levels through respiratory adjustments.
- Homeostatic imbalances can result from aging and can lead to diseases where feedback loops malfunction.
Nervous Tissue
- Nervous tissue is composed of neurons, which are electrically excitable cells, and glial cells that protect and support neurons.
- The neurosoma is the neuron cell body, supported by dendrites that receive signals.
- Key features of muscles include:
- Skeletal muscle: striated, voluntary, multi-nucleated, attached to bones.
- Cardiac muscle: striated, involuntary, pumps blood, connected by intercalated discs.
- Smooth muscle: non-striated, involuntary, regulates organ sizes, found in hollow organs.
Muscle Characteristics
- Skeletal muscle cells are large, long, cylindrical, and multi-nucleated; they facilitate body movements.
- Cardiac muscle is specifically responsible for blood pumping.
- Smooth muscle controls involuntary functions, like regulating light entry into the eye and assisting in the movement of contents through hollow organs.
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