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Questions and Answers
What is the function of myofibroblasts?
Which cells participate in the immune response by releasing histamine?
Where can you find reticular connective tissue?
What is the main function of monocytes?
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Which type of connective tissue is easily vascularized and innervated?
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Which cells contain numerous granules in their cytoplasm and participate in the immune response?
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Where do eosinophils primarily fight parasites?
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What is the main characteristic of lymphocytes?
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Where does loose connective tissue fill in the body?
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Which cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells?
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What is the main function of connective tissue?
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Which type of tissues does connective tissue link together?
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What are the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
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Which component of the ground substance in the ECM is constituted by water and three other components?
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What do glycosaminoglycans (GAG) attract due to their negatively charged sugars?
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What is the only unsulfated GAG found in the matrix?
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What function do blood and lymphatic vessels serve in connective tissue?
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What is the largest GAG found in the matrix?
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What are the main functions of connective tissue?
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What is the composition of ground substance in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
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What is the function of negative charges on GAG chains in the matrix?
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Which type of collagen is most abundant and very resistant to tension forces in most connective tissues?
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What is the main function of elastin in elastic fibers?
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What is the function of basal lamina in the basement membrane?
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Which type of cells originate in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood, leaving the bloodstream to develop specific functions in the connective tissue?
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What do undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells give rise to?
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What is the main function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?
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What forms when GAGs bind to proteins, creating complex molecules?
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What are collagen fibers very resistant to?
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Which type of collagen is only found in cartilage and is very resistant to stress?
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Study Notes
- Negative charges on GAG chains repel each other, adding viscosity to the matrix and resistance to compression. Water content increases the matrix's resistance to compression.
- Proteoglycans: formed when GAGs bind to proteins, creating complex molecules. Hyaluronic acid can bind numerous proteoglycan molecules, forming an aggregate.
- Structural Glycoproteins: proteins bound to branched polysaccharides. They have binding sites for various ECM components, anchor epithelia to the matrix, and provide union between matrix elements.
- Collagen: inelastic, hard, firm protein, most abundant in the body. Forms fibers that are very resistant to traction. At least 35 different types of collagen exist.
- Collagen biosynthesis: fibroblasts synthesize and release procollagen, which becomes tropocollagen in the ECM, and then collagen fibers form.
- Types: Type I (most abundant, very resistant to tension forces, in most connective tissues), Type II (only in cartilage, very resistant to stress), Type III (synthesized by various cells, forming networks in cellular organs and basal laminae), Type IV (synthesized by epithelial cells, muscle cells, and Schwann cells, forming networks in basal laminae)
- Elastic fibers: made up of elastin and fibrillin, provide elasticity to the tissue.
- Elastin biosynthesis: fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells synthesize elastin and fibrillin, forming microfibrils, which group together to form elastic fibers.
- Basement membrane: non-cellular interface between epithelial and connective tissue, composed of basal lamina and reticular lamina.
- Basal lamina: manufactured by the epithelium, made up of structural glycoproteins and integrin fractions, separates epithelial and connective tissue, acts as a filter.
- Reticular lamina: synthesized by the connective tissue, mostly made up of collagen type III, fixes the basal lamina to the connective tissue.
- Connective tissue cells: two types - fixed and transient
- Fixed cells: develop in the connective tissue and remain there, include fibroblasts, adipocytes, pericytes, mast cells, and macrophages.
- Transient cells: originate in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood, leave the bloodstream to develop specific functions in the connective tissue, short-lived and must be replaced constantly, include leukocytes, plasma cells, and monocytes.
- Origin of Connective tissue cells: undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells give rise to most fixed cells. Chondroblasts, osteoblasts, hematopoietic stem cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, osteocytes, neutrophils, plasma cells, chondrocytes, monocytes, and macrophages all originate from these stem cells.
- Fibroblasts: main cells of the connective tissue, most abundant and widely distributed cells, derived from mesenchymal cells, elongated cells with ovoid nucleus, synthesize most of the connective ECM.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the role and functions of connective tissue in the human body with this quiz. Explore its support, metabolic, and protective functions, as well as its role in maintaining integration between different tissues.
