Connecting Devices to Networks with Layer 2 Switches

Questions and Answers

What type of cable is commonly used to connect devices to a network?

Shielded twisted pair

Fiber optic cable

Unshielded twisted pair (correct)

Coaxial cable

What is the central device that connects multiple devices in a network?

Layer 2 switch (correct)

Network hub

Layer 3 router

Wireless access point

What software is used to emulate a network environment in the demonstration?

Cisco Packet Tracer

VirtualBox

EVE-NG (correct)

VMware Workstation

What is the purpose of renaming a node in the emulator?

To give the device a descriptive name Signup and view all the answers

What type of device is connected to the switch using an Ethernet cable?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the interface on the switch that connects to PC2?

Gig 0/1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the network topology formed by connecting multiple devices to a central switch?

Star topology Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the layer 2 switch in the network?

To connect multiple devices together Signup and view all the answers

What is the IP address that the router is using in the network?

10.1.10.1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAC address of PC2?

It is the MAC address associated with gig 0/1 Signup and view all the answers

Which devices are actively communicating according to the MAC Address Table shown on the switch?

PC2 and the router Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason the switch is not showing the MAC addresses of all five devices in the MAC Address Table?

The devices are not actively communicating, so the switch hasn't learned their MAC addresses yet. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the command "show mac address table" on the switch?

To display the MAC addresses of all devices connected to the switch and the ports they are associated with. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the layer 2 switch in this network?

To learn and forward frames based on destination MAC addresses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the statement "This really is now the 10.1.10 network"?

The router has successfully assigned IP addresses from the 10.1.10 network to the connected devices. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "ORA" refer to in the context of the content?

The process of obtaining an IP address from a DHCP server. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the speaker mention that the PCs are "very, very quiet" in a virtualized environment?

They are not actively generating traffic because they are not being used for production purposes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the "Command Bar" in the virtualization tool?

To send commands to multiple devices simultaneously. Signup and view all the answers

When a switch receives a broadcast frame with a destination layer 2 address of all 'F's in hexadecimal, what does it do with the frame?

It forwards the frame to all ports, including the port associated with the router. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why a switch dynamically learns layer 2 addresses and their associated ports?

To efficiently forward unicast traffic based on the destination MAC address. Signup and view all the answers

What type of protocol is used by a device to discover the layer 2 address of another device with a known IP address?

ARP Signup and view all the answers

If PC1 wants to send a unicast ping request to the router, what would be the destination MAC address in the frame?

The MAC address of the router's gig 0/0 interface. Signup and view all the answers

When a router receives an ARP request, what does it do?

It sends a unicast response to the device that sent the ARP request, providing its own MAC address. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the switch and the router in this scenario?

The switch handles all layer 2 forwarding, while the router handles all layer 3 routing. Signup and view all the answers

How does the switch determine which port to forward a unicast frame to?

Based on the destination MAC address in the frame. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the switch dynamically learning layer 2 addresses?

It enables the switch to efficiently forward traffic based on the destination MAC address. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a unicast frame and a broadcast frame in terms of their destination layer 2 address?

A unicast frame has a specific MAC address, while a broadcast frame has a MAC address of all 'F's. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of ARP in the network?

ARP translates IP addresses to MAC addresses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the DHCP server in this network setup?

To dynamically allocate IP addresses to the clients. Signup and view all the answers

What IP address is planned for the router in the 10.1.10 network?

10.1.10.1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the subnet mask for the 10.1.10 network?

255.255.255.0 Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to create a DHCP pool on the Cisco router?

ip dhcp pool Signup and view all the answers

What does the DORA process in DHCP stand for?

Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge Signup and view all the answers

Which interface of the router is connected to the switch on port gig 1/0?

gig 0/0 Signup and view all the answers

In the described setup, what is the significance of the statement 'just connecting devices to a common segment doesn't mean we have an IP addressing scheme in place'?

An IP addressing scheme is necessary for communication. Signup and view all the answers

What needs to be done before powering on the PC clients in the network?

Ensure the router is configured with a DHCP pool. Signup and view all the answers

What command provides context-sensitive help in the command-line interface of the router?

question mark Signup and view all the answers

Which IP address will the DHCP server provide as the default gateway for the clients?

10.1.10.1 Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of having all devices in a single broadcast domain?

Decreased network performance as more devices must process each broadcast Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of dividing a large broadcast domain into smaller ones?

To reduce the number of devices that need to process each broadcast Signup and view all the answers

What concept is used to create smaller, manageable broadcast domains within a local area network?

Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of carving up a network into VLANs allow network administrators to do?

Simplify troubleshooting efforts by creating distinct segments Signup and view all the answers

How does a broadcast from one device affect other devices in the same broadcast domain?

All devices in the broadcast domain listen to and process the broadcast Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using VLANs in a network with a large number of devices?

They eliminate the need for physical separation of devices Signup and view all the answers

What action does a switch take when it receives an unknown unicast?

It forwards it to all other ports except the incoming port. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of each port acting as its own collision domain in a layer 2 switch?

Devices can transmit simultaneously without collisions. Signup and view all the answers

How does a layer 2 switch behave when it receives a broadcast packet?

It forwards the broadcast to all ports on the network. Signup and view all the answers

What physical consideration is taken into account in a full-duplex Ethernet environment?

Separate pairs of wires are utilized for sending and receiving. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of a single broadcast domain within a network?

Broadcasts can potentially reach all devices within that domain. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a layer 2 switch, what is referred to as the 'magic' of forwarding decisions?

Memorizing layer 2 addresses of devices on the network. Signup and view all the answers

What does disabling CSMA/CD allow in a full-duplex Ethernet configuration?

No expectation of collisions between devices. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of collision domains in a switch with five ports?

Five Signup and view all the answers

What does a layer 2 switch do with a packet destined for a specific MAC address that it has not learned yet?

It forwards the packet to all ports except the originating port. Signup and view all the answers

What is an additional benefit of using a layer 2 switch in networking?

It allows each device to have a dedicated path for communication. Signup and view all the answers

What will the command 'ip dhcp' do when executed on the virtualized PC?

Initiate a DHCP Discover process to obtain an IP address Signup and view all the answers

Which command needs to be executed to bring the router interface up after assigning an IP address?

no shutdown Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the DNS server 8.8.8.8 specified in the configuration?

It is a Google DNS server providing internet name resolution Signup and view all the answers

In the discussed network configuration, what does the address 10.1.10.1 represent?

The default gateway for the devices in the network Signup and view all the answers

Why might a router show that it is not directly connected to the 10.1.10 network after setting an IP address?

The router interface is down Signup and view all the answers

What type of addressing format is described as a 'dotted decimal notation' in the context?

A method for defining subnet masks Signup and view all the answers

What components are included in the DHCP options that the router can provide to clients?

Default gateway and DNS server Signup and view all the answers

What command would you use to view the status of all interfaces on a Cisco router?

show ip interface brief Signup and view all the answers

What is the format used to indicate a network segment uses 24 bits for the subnet mask?

10.1.10.0/24 Signup and view all the answers

When configuring the router, which interface command assigns the IP address along with the subnet mask?

ip address Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Connecting Devices to Networks

Unshielded twisted pair cables are commonly used to connect devices (e.g., Windows computers, Macintosh, Linux devices, printers) to a layer 2 switch.
The layer 2 switch is the central device connecting all devices in a physical star topology.

Layer 2 Switch Characteristics

A layer 2 switch dynamically learns the layer 2 addresses (MAC addresses) of connected devices.
The switch builds a MAC Address Table, mapping MAC addresses to ports, to facilitate forwarding decisions.
The switch can forward based on layer 2 addresses, making it possible for devices to communicate with each other.

IP Addressing and Layer 3 Networks

Connecting devices to a common segment does not imply the existence of a layer 3 network or IP addressing scheme.
A layer 3 network requires a router and IP addressing configuration.
A DHCP server can be used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network.

Configuring a Layer 3 Network

A network segment can be configured with a specific IP addressing scheme (e.g., 10.1.10.0/24).
A router can be configured as a DHCP server to assign IP addresses, default gateways, and DNS servers to devices on the network.

Device Communication and Layer 2 Switching

Devices on a network communicate using layer 2 addresses (MAC addresses).
The switch forwards frames based on layer 2 addresses, using the MAC Address Table.
Unicast frames are forwarded to specific devices, while broadcast frames are sent to all devices on the network.
Unknown unicast frames are forwarded to all devices except the one it came from, to ensure the intended recipient receives the frame.

Benefits of Layer 2 Switching

Each port on a layer 2 switch acts as a separate collision domain, providing dedicated bandwidth and reducing collisions.
The switch makes forwarding decisions based on layer 2 information, reducing the amount of traffic on the network.### Full-Duplex and Ethernet Environment
A full-duplex system can send and receive data simultaneously between devices connected to switchports.
In an Ethernet environment, one pair of wires is used for sending and another pair is used for receiving.

Disabling CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD (Carrier-Sensing Multiple Access with Collision Detection) can be disabled in a full-duplex environment as collisions are never expected.

Layer 2 Implementation

A physical switch provides the infrastructure for a layer 2 implementation.
One logical layer 3 network address space is used on top of the physical infrastructure.
The switch provides a home for the devices, and IP addressing is done on the router and end devices.

Broadcast Domain

A layer 2 broadcast is sent to all other ports on the network by the switch.
A broadcast domain refers to how far a broadcast will go.
A single broadcast domain can be problematic in a large network, causing devices to listen to unnecessary broadcasts.

Collision Domain

A collision domain is like a separate road for each device connected to the switch.
In a small network with five devices, there are five collision domains.

Benefits of VLANs

Breaking up a large network into smaller chunks can reduce the impact of broadcasts.
VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) allow for virtually carving up the local area network at layer 2.
VLANs enable creating smaller broadcast domains, reducing the number of devices that listen to unnecessary broadcasts.

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Description

Learn how to connect devices to a network using unshielded twisted pair cables and layer 2 switches, and understand the characteristics of layer 2 switches.