Conjunctiva and Eye Infections

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a distinct area of the conjunctiva?

Palpebral Conjunctiva

Fornix

Corneal Conjunctiva (correct)

Bulbar Conjunctiva

What is the characteristic microscopic appearance of follicular conjunctivitis in trachoma?

Subepithelial lymphoid follicles

Goblet cell loss with acanthosis (correct)

Goblet cell hyperplasia

Intraepithelial cysts

What is the main difference between pterygium and pinguecula?

Size of the lesion

Corneal infiltration (correct)

Submucosal growth of fibroblast connective tissue

Location on the eye

Which of the following is the world's leading cause of preventable blindness of infectious origin?

Trachoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of trachoma on the conjunctiva?

Gray-white elevations with a cobblestone appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is associated with inclusion conjunctivitis?

Herpesvirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change in the optic nerve cup associated with glaucoma?

Distinctive changes in the size and shape of the optic nerve cup Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe inflammation of the interior of the eye involving the vitreous humor?

Endophthalmitis Signup and view all the answers

What are the two genes associated with subsets of individuals with juvenile and adult primary open-angle glaucoma?

MYOC and OPTN Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe inflammation of the interior of the eye that also extends into the uvea and sclera?

Panophthalmitis Signup and view all the answers

What are the three layers of the uvea?

Iris, ciliary body, and choroid Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe glaucoma that develops in the context of an elevation in intraocular pressure?

Open-angle glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the conjunctival area that is closest to the eyelid?

Palpebral conjunctiva Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conjunctivitis is caused by a bacterial infection, and is characterized by a pale yellow discharge?

Infectious conjunctivitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ptergyium that differentiates it from pinguecula?

Corneal infiltration Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of conjunctival melanomas that have BRAF V600 mutations?

40% Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease that is caused by a chronic infection of the conjunctiva and is characterized by eyelid scarring and vision loss?

Trachoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of conjunctivitis that is caused by an allergic reaction?

Allergic conjunctivitis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Glaucoma

Glaucoma consists of a group of conditions causing changes in the visual field and optic nerve cup, typically associated with elevated intraocular pressure.
Classification includes open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma, which can be primary or secondary.
Genetic mutations in MYOC and OPTN are linked to juvenile and adult primary open-angle glaucoma.

Endophthalmitis and Panophthalmitis

Endophthalmitis refers to inflammation of the eye's interior, particularly the vitreous humor.
Panophthalmitis extends inflammation to the uvea and sclera.
Endophthalmitis can arise from endogenous sources, such as sepsis, or through exogenous factors like infections or surgical complications.

Uvea and Iris Anatomy

The uvea comprises the iris, choroid, and ciliary body.
The ciliary body plays a crucial role in the functional anatomy and histology of the eye.

Trachoma

Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable infectious blindness globally.
Characterized by cobblestone-like gray-white elevations due to subepithelial lymphoid follicles.
A microscopic appearance shows follicular conjunctivitis, similar to viral conjunctivitis.

Conjunctiva Anatomy

The conjunctiva is divided into three regions:
- Palpebral (Tarsal) Conjunctiva: located at the eyelid's posterior surface
- Bulbar Conjunctiva: covers the anterior sclera, extending from the limbus
- Fornix: junction between palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae.

Pterygium and Pinguecula

Pinguecula: small elevated yellow lesion associated with sun exposure and aging, characterized by elastosis and hyalinization in histology.
Pterygium: a more significant growth that migrates onto the cornea, distinguished by conjunctival proliferation invading the cornea.

Eyelid Lesions

Non-neoplastic eyelid lesions include chalazion.
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common eyelid malignancy, frequent in the lower eyelid and medial canthus.
Sebaceous carcinoma is uncommon and closely mimics inflammatory processes.

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis can be infectious, with trachoma being a notable example characterized by follicular conjunctivitis.

Neoplastic Pathology

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia includes abnormalities in conjunctival, limbal, and corneal epithelium.
Conjunctival nevus is a common tumor, present at birth or developed later, often near the limbus.
Conjunctival melanoma can be associated with BRAF V600 mutations, resembling cutaneous melanomas, with Primary Acquired Melanosis (PAM) as its precursor.

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Description

Test your knowledge of conjunctiva anatomy and common eye infections including trachoma, chlamydia, and viral and fungal infections.