أسئلة المحاضرة الرابعة رمد (قبل التعديل)

The main parts are the palpebral conjunctiva, bulbar conjunctiva, and fornices.

The palpebral conjunctiva is adherent to the tarsal plate and cannot be easily dissected.

The cul-de-sac allows for free movement of the eyeball and acts as a loose but thick membrane.

<p>The conjunctival epithelium contains goblet cells that secrete mucus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consists of a superficial adenoid layer and a deep fibrous layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accessory lacrimal glands, like Krause's glands, help maintain moisture and lacrimal fluid balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tears mechanically wash out microorganisms from the eye's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The caruncle is a fleshy mass situated on the plica semilunaris, contributing to ocular lubrication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysozyme inhibits the multiplication of most conjunctival micro-organisms, helping to prevent infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a barrier against bacteria and other pathogens, reducing the risk of ocular infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serous (watery) and mucopurulent are two types of discharge associated with conjunctival inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follicles are focal collections of lymphocytes caused by viral infections, chlamydia, or drug reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Giant papillae appear as large red bumps on the superior tarsal conjunctiva, often caused by chronic infections or prolonged contact lens wear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemosis, or edema of the conjunctival connective tissue, can result from inflammation, allergy, or infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are commonly caused by viral infections like adenovirus, herpes, or chlamydia, indicating an immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe inflammation can lead to the formation of a dirty grayish membrane on the surface due to exudation of inflammatory materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The clinical sure signs include expressible follicles, pannus with Herbert's pits, Arlt's line, and post trachomatous degenerations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral azithromycin is indicated for new or recent-onset active disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recommended treatments include astringent and vasoconstrictor drops, cold compresses, and artificial lubricants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Management may include careful disinfection of infected fingers and early diagnosis and treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical options include expression of follicles, scraping of papillae, and picking of post trachomatous degenerations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Characteristic symptoms include itching, eyelid swelling, watery or mucoid discharge, and hyperemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients should remove the cause of the allergy and may use antiallergic eye drops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follicular conjunctivitis is differentiated from other causes by its specific signs, while papillary conjunctivitis differs mainly due to causes related to spring catarrh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endpoint of cicatrization is marked by the absence of follicles or papillae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superficial keratitis is characterized by numerous epithelial erosions in the upper cornea that stain positive with fluorescein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trachomatous pannus presents with superficial vascularization and lymphoid infiltration of the upper cornea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete resolution of trachomatous pannus can leave a clear cornea if the basement membrane is intact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients may experience pain, lacrimation, photophobia, and blepharospasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Typical trachomatous ulcers are superficial, linear, and horizontal, usually located at the lower edge of the pannus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trichiasis can occur due to local scarring around the lid margin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complications may include posterior symblepharon, xerosis, and obstruction of the puncti due to fibrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The discharge is a sticky milky white film rich in eosinophils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It manifests as gelatinous limbal masses with hypertrophied epithelium, usually starting at the upper limbus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tranta’s spots are white spot concretions of eosinophils and necrotic epithelium seen in bulbar conjunctivitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The palpebral type involves specific conjunctival reactions while papillary trachoma is associated with infection from Chlamydia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptomatic treatments include dark glasses, cold compresses, and oral anti-histaminics if there is evident lid edema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoid exposure to known allergens is crucial to prevent irritation and exacerbation of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is characterized by hyaline degeneration of subepithelial conjunctival tissue with elastoid tissue deposition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged use may cause cataracts and secondary glaucoma, necessitating gradual tapering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pterygium is the primary condition affecting the conjunctival tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV rays and chronic irritation from dust and fumes are two potential environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms include disfigurement and can lead to visual deterioration caused by astigmatism or pupil coverage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressive pterygium is thick, vascular, and fleshy, while regressive pterygium is thin, less vascular, and membranous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical excision is indicated for symptomatic or progressive pterygium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudo-pterygium is always stationary and can be attached to the base of a healed corneal ulcer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical methods include simple excision, excision with bare scleral technique, and excision with grafting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is advised not to operate to avoid unnecessary surgical risks since they do not cause symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lamellar keratoplasty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitomycin-C use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spring catarrh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcal conjunctivitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eyes should not be bandaged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symblepharon is an adhesion between different parts of the conjunctiva or between the conjunctiva and the cornea, commonly formed due to conditions like diphtheric conjunctivitis or chemical burns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudo-membranes appear as white-grey nodules formed by the accumulation of white blood cells and can be easily removed, leaving an intact epithelial surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjunctival injection is marked by bright red, tortuous vessels that move freely with the conjunctiva, while ciliary injection features pink, blurred vessels that do not move with conjunctival movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial conjunctivitis is commonly subdivided into mucopurulent conjunctivitis, characterized by specific discharge types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gonococci and Chlamydia (serotypes D, E, and F) are the common bacterial agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenaline constricts conjunctival vessels, making them less visible, which can be useful in reducing redness during certain ophthalmic procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instillation of penicillin or broad-spectrum antibiotic eye drops after birth is recommended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common causes include diphtheric conjunctivitis and alkali or acid burns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follicles appear as white-grey nodules due to white blood cell accumulation and may form in response to infections, allergens, or irritants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjunctival edema covered with yellowish exudation and marked lid edema is present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever and malaise are the systemic manifestations related to the infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papillae appear as inflamed areas of elevated conjunctiva and are indicative of allergic or irritant conjunctivitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any discharge, even watery, should be viewed with suspicion due to the absence of tear secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic antibiotics may be required for severe cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The discharge is purulent and stained with blood, containing pieces of sloughed membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces the risk of contamination from maternal passages during delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic antibiotics are recommended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gonococci are the most common causative organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lid edema, marked conjunctival edema, and hyperemia are observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gentamycin or Bacitracin drops and ointment are recommended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe corneal ulcers that can lead to perforation may develop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It tends to disappear spontaneously within 2 weeks or after treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bandages can accumulate discharge and allow more microbial multiplication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of tender pre-auricular lymph nodes indicates lymphadenopathy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressive pannus involves infiltration and an increase in vascularization, whereas regressive pannus shows narrowing of vessels and a decrease in infiltration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herbert's rosettes are sub-epithelial lymphoid infiltrations that indicate a chronic inflammatory process in the cornea, often seen in trachoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the basement membrane is destroyed, it results in permanent opacity of the cornea, known as pannus siccus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Typical trachomatous ulcers are characterized as superficial, chronic, linear, and horizontal, located at the lower edge of the pannus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xerosis refers to dryness caused by the obstruction of lacrimal ducts and fibrosis of lacrimal glands, leading to compromised tear film stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cicatricial entropion results from conjunctival shrinkage, causing the eyelid margin to turn inwards, which can lead to corneal damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common symptoms include pain, lacrimation, photophobia, and blepharospasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of numerous epithelial erosions, which stain positively with fluorescein, indicates damage that occurs before the healing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pterygium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disfigurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressive pterygium is thick and vascular, while regressive pterygium is thin and membranous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pterygium is bilateral and attached to the conjunctiva at the neck, whereas pseudo-pterygium can be unilateral and is attached to the base of a healed corneal ulcer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Head, neck, and body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Better not to operate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gonococcal conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlamydia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhagic discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Giant papillary conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent washing of hands and face</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High incidence during specific months</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purulent conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucopurulent discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contamination during delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gonococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instilling penicillin eye drops after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Watery discharge from the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membranous conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever and malaise</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Septic granulation tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent removal of discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preauricular lymphadenopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anti-diphtheritic serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toxic nephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjunctival follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corneal affection requiring anti-virals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isolation of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Watery discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arlt's line</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical scraping of the canaliculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Watery or mucoid discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cold compresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracytoplasmic basophilic inclusion bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contact dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Itching and eyelid swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete resolution often leaves a clear cornea if the basement membrane is intact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In progressive pannus, infiltration precedes vascularization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superficial linear horizontal ulcers at the lower edge of the pannus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep penetration of the corneal stroma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry eye syndrome due to gland obstruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They appear as superficial, raised pale spots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent opacity known as pannus siccus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eyelashes turning inward, causing irritation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symblepharon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry eye syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vessels cannot move with conjunctiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White-grey nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superficial conjunctival vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucopurulent conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation of the conjunctiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gonococcal conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It usually shows a follicular appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angular conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Koch-Weeks bacillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intense itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of a superficial corneal ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Washing linens and towels of infected patients privately</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It typically resolves in two weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spring catarrh</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcal conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morax-Axenfeld bacillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trachoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diphtheria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Even watery secretion is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purulent blood-stained discharge only appears in the first stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering systemic antibiotics to the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constitutional symptoms like fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotic ointment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thick yellow pus with granulation tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local Atropine ointment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follicles are primarily noted in the lower palpebral conjunctiva.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Notification of health authorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of preauricular lymphadenopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment is generally supportive and self-limited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Itching and eyelid swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astringent and vasoconstrictor drops</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alleviate corneal involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucopurulent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of topical antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Underlying allergen sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non expressible and flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transferred by both direct contact and flies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cicatrisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent visual impairment or blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socioeconomic status of affected communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents secondary bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinkish, raised papillae within follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.9 million</p> Signup and view all the answers