Conjugating IR Verbs in Present Tense

Conjugating IR Verbs in the Present Tense

• To conjugate an IR verb, break it down into its stem and leaf parts.
• The stem remains the same, while the leaf is removed and replaced with endings.

IR Verb Endings

• Yo: o
• Tú: es
• Él/Ella/Usted: e
• Nosotros/as: imos
• Vosotros/as: ís
• Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: en

Conjugation of Regular IR Verb "Vivir" (to live)

• Yo: vivo
• Tú: vives
• Él/Ella/Usted: vive
• Nosotros/as: vivimos
• Vosotros/as: vivís
• Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: viven

Common Regular -ir Verbs

• Abrir: to open
• Compartir: to share
• Decidir: to decide
• Describir: to describe
• Discutir: to discuss/argue
• Escribir: to write
• Permitir: to allow
• Prohibir: to prohibit/ban/not allow
• Recibir: to receive

Radical Changing Verbs

• These verbs are irregular in their stem but follow the usual pattern for ar/er/ir verbs in their endings.
• The vowel in the stem directly before the root changes, e.g. Jugar.
• The change applies to all persons except nosotros and vosotros.

Irregular Verbs with a 1 LETTER change

• Verbs with a z in the first person only, e.g. Conducir (To drive).
• Conjugation of Conducir:
  • Yo: Conduzco
  • Tú: Conduces
  • Él/Ella/Usted: Conduce
  • Nosotros: Conducimos
  • Vosotros: Conducís
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: Conducen

Common Verbs with this Change

• Introducir (To introduce):
  • 1st person: Introduzco
• Producir (To produce):
  • 1st person: Produzco
• Traducir (To translate):
  • 1st person: Traduzco
• Reducir (To reduce):
  • 1st person: Reduzco
• Conocer (To know):
  • 1st person: Conozco

Verbs with a J in the First Person

• In Spanish, certain verbs change their first-person singular form (Yo) to include the letter J.
• This change occurs in verbs that start with a specific sound or prefix.

Verb Conjugation Rules

• The verb Coger (To catch, to take, to get) follows this pattern:
  • Yo: Cojo
  • Tú: Coges
  • Él/Ella/Usted: Coge
  • Nosotros: Cogemos
  • Vosotros: Cogéis
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: Cogen

Common Verbs with the J Change

• Dirigir (To direct): Dirijo (Yo)
• Corregir (To correct): Corrijo (Yo)
• Escoger (To choose): Escojo (Yo)
• Exigir (To require): Exijo (Yo)
• Proteger (To protect): Protejo (Yo)
• Recoger (To pick up): Recojo (Yo)

Verbs with a y Added to All Persons Except Nosotros and Vosotros

• Verbs with a y added to all persons except nosotros and vosotros follow a specific conjugation pattern.

Conjugation Pattern

• Yo: add -yo to the verb (e.g., construir -> construyo)
• Tú: add -yes to the verb (e.g., construir -> construyes)
• Él/Ella/Usted: add -ye to the verb (e.g., construir -> construye)
• Nosotros: do not add -y, instead, add -imos to the verb (e.g., construir -> construimos)
• Vosotros: do not add -y, instead, add -ís to the verb (e.g., construir -> construís)
• Ellos/Ellas: add -yen to the verb (e.g., construir -> construyen)

Common Verbs with this Change

• Destruir: to destroy
• Concluir: to conclude
• Contribuir: to contribute
• Huir: to escape

Conjugating IR Verbs in the Present Tense

• To conjugate an IR verb, break down the infinitive into the stem (viv) and the leaf (ir), which will be replaced with endings.
• The endings for IR verbs are: Yo (o), Tú (es), Él/Ella (e), Nosotros/as (imos), Vosotros/as (ís), and Ellos/Ellas (en).

Regular IR Verbs

• Examples of regular IR verbs include: vivir (to live), abrir (to open), compartir (to share), and describir (to describe).
• The conjugation of regular IR verbs follows the usual pattern for IR verbs.

Conjugating Irregular Verbs

• Radical changing verbs are irregular in their stem but not their endings, which follow the usual pattern for IR verbs.
• Examples of radical changing verbs include: jugar (to play), where the vowel changes for all people except nosotros and vosotros.

Irregular Verbs with a 1 Letter Change

• Verbs with a z in the first person only: Yo (zco), e.g. conducir (to drive), where the conjugation is: Yo (conduzco), Tú (conduces), Él/Ella (conduce), Nosotros (conducimos), Vosotros (conducís), Ellos/Ellas (conducen).
• Examples of verbs with this change include: introducir (to introduce), producir (to produce), and traducir (to translate).
• Verbs with a j in the first person only: Yo (jo), e.g. coger (to catch), where the conjugation is: Yo (cojo), Tú (coges), Él/Ella (coge), Nosotros (cogemos), Vosotros (cogéis), Ellos/Ellas (cogen).
• Examples of verbs with this change include: dirigir (to direct), corregir (to correct), and proteger (to protect).
• Verbs with a y added to all persons except nosotros and vosotros: Yo (uyo), e.g. construir (to construct), where the conjugation is: Yo (construyo), Tú (construyes), Él/Ella (construye), Nosotros (construimos), Vosotros (construís), Ellos/Ellas (construyen).
• Examples of verbs with this change include: destruir (to destroy), concluir (to conclude), and contribuir (to contribute).

What are Reflexive Verbs?

• Reflexive verbs are verbs where the subject and object are the same, meaning the action is performed on oneself.
• Many daily routine verbs are reflexive verbs, but not all.

Conjugating Reflexive Verbs

• Step 1: Remove the reflexive pronoun and move it to the front of the verb.
• Step 2: Change the pronoun to:
  • me – myself
  • te – yourself
  • se – himself/herself
  • nos – ourselves
  • os – yourselves
  • se – themselves
• Conjugate the verb as you normally would in the present tense.

Examples of Reflexive Verbs

• Levantarse: to get up
• Conjugation:
  • Yo: me levanto
  • Tú: te levantas
  • Él/Ella/Usted: se levanta
  • Nosotros/as: nos levantamos
  • Vosotros/as: os levantáis
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: se levantan

Commonly Used Reflexive Verbs

• Despertarse: to wake up
• Peinarse: to brush your hair
• Levantarse: to get up
• Vestirse: to get dressed
• Ducharse: to have a shower
• Afeitarse: to shave
• Bañarse: to have a bath
• Maquillarse: to put on makeup
• Lavarse: to wash (yourself)
• Relajarse: to relax
• Lavarse los dientes: to wash your teeth
• Ponerse: to put on
• Casarse: to get married
• Quedarse: to stay
• Divertirse: to have fun
• Sentarse: to sit down
• Sentirse: to feel

Radical Changing Reflexive Verbs

• Despertarse (e→ie): to wake up
• Conjugation:
  • Yo: me despierto
  • Tú: te despiertas
  • Él/Ella/Usted: se despierta
  • Nosotros/as: nos despertamos
  • Vosotros/as: os despertáis
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: se despiertan
• Vestirse (e→i): to get dressed
• Conjugation:
  • Yo: me visto
  • Tú: te vistes
  • Él/Ella/Usted: se viste
  • Nosotros/as: nos vestimos
  • Vosotros/as: os vestís
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: se visten
• Acostarse (o→ue): to go to bed
• Conjugation:
  • Yo: me acuesto
  • Tú: te acuestas
  • Él/Ella/Usted: se acuesta
  • Nosotros/as: nos acostamos
  • Vosotros/as: os acostáis
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: se acuestan

What are Reflexive Verbs?

• Reflexive verbs are verbs where the subject and object are the same, meaning the action is performed on oneself.
• Many daily routine verbs are reflexive verbs, but not all.

Conjugating Reflexive Verbs

• Step 1: Remove the reflexive pronoun and move it to the front of the verb.
• Step 2: Change the pronoun to:
  • me – myself
  • te – yourself
  • se – himself/herself
  • nos – ourselves
  • os – yourselves
  • se – themselves
• Conjugate the verb as you normally would in the present tense.

Examples of Reflexive Verbs

• Levantarse: to get up
• Conjugation:
  • Yo: me levanto
  • Tú: te levantas
  • Él/Ella/Usted: se levanta
  • Nosotros/as: nos levantamos
  • Vosotros/as: os levantáis
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: se levantan

Commonly Used Reflexive Verbs

• Despertarse: to wake up
• Peinarse: to brush your hair
• Levantarse: to get up
• Vestirse: to get dressed
• Ducharse: to have a shower
• Afeitarse: to shave
• Bañarse: to have a bath
• Maquillarse: to put on makeup
• Lavarse: to wash (yourself)
• Relajarse: to relax
• Lavarse los dientes: to wash your teeth
• Ponerse: to put on
• Casarse: to get married
• Quedarse: to stay
• Divertirse: to have fun
• Sentarse: to sit down
• Sentirse: to feel

Radical Changing Reflexive Verbs

• Despertarse (e→ie): to wake up
• Conjugation:
  • Yo: me despierto
  • Tú: te despiertas
  • Él/Ella/Usted: se despierta
  • Nosotros/as: nos despertamos
  • Vosotros/as: os despertáis
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: se despiertan
• Vestirse (e→i): to get dressed
• Conjugation:
  • Yo: me visto
  • Tú: te vistes
  • Él/Ella/Usted: se viste
  • Nosotros/as: nos vestimos
  • Vosotros/as: os vestís
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: se visten
• Acostarse (o→ue): to go to bed
• Conjugation:
  • Yo: me acuesto
  • Tú: te acuestas
  • Él/Ella/Usted: se acuesta
  • Nosotros/as: nos acostamos
  • Vosotros/as: os acostáis
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: se acuestan