40 Questions
What major powers were involved in the Congress of Vienna?
Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain
Why did the Congress of Vienna establish new boundaries in Europe?
To create multinational empires
Who used military force to crush revolts in Italy and Spain after the Congress of Vienna?
Quadruple Alliance (Austria, Great Britain, Russia, and Prussia)
What did the liberals oppose during the Congress of Vienna?
Conservative leaders supporting monarchy and strict social order
What led to centralized systems of governance and equal rights through constitutions in Europe?
Nationalism
Why did some Russians seek support for radical ideas like those of Karl Marx after Tsar Alexander II's reforms?
They believed the reforms did not go far enough in addressing social inequalities.
What led to the mass migration of Jews out of Russia during Alexander III's reign?
Discriminatory policies like anti-Jewish pogroms.
What event sparked the Revolution of 1905 in Russia?
Government's response to peaceful protests on Bloody Sunday.
What was the impact of the Treaty of Kanagawa signed between Japan and the United States in 1854?
It established unequal trade relations between Japan and Western countries.
What was a key outcome of the Meiji Restoration in Japan?
Japan's success in negotiating with Western powers on equal terms.
Which event in France directly led to the rise of Louis-Philippe as the 'citizen king'?
The July Revolution of 1830
How did Louis-Philippe's policies reflect liberal principles?
He implemented a more liberal constitution and expanded voting rights for the middle class.
Which of the following statements about the British middle class in the late 18th century is true?
They demanded more political power as their numbers grew.
What was a key demand of the Chartist movement in Britain?
Universal suffrage for all citizens
Which of the following reforms was not achieved through the gradual changes in British laws during the liberal movements?
Granting universal suffrage to all citizens
Which group in Saint-Domingue was at the bottom of the social hierarchy?
Enslaved Africans
What inspired the affranchis, or free people of color, to seek increased rights?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
What was Toussaint Louverture's primary contribution to the Haitian Revolution?
He defeated the French forces and became the governor of Saint-Domingue
What was Napoleon's response to Toussaint Louverture's increasing independence for Saint-Domingue?
He sent French troops to reimpose slavery and racially discriminatory laws
Who declared the colony's independence from France and named it Haiti?
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
What was the primary goal of Otto von Bismarck in unifying Germany?
To unite Germany under conservative Prussian rule
What was the role of the Zollverein in the German unification process?
It was a customs union that encouraged free trade among German states, creating economic unity
How did Bismarck achieve German unification?
By military conquest and industrial development (known as "blood and iron")
What was the role of the Carbonari in the Italian unification movement?
They were a secret society that demanded constitutional government and worked for Italian unification
What was the primary cause of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire?
The Young Turks' efforts to implement liberal reforms and restrict the rights of non-Turks
What was one of the primary reasons European colonial powers and the United States did not recognize Haiti's independence in the early 1800s?
They feared it would inspire slave revolts in their own colonies
What significant event in Mexico marked the start of the independence movement in Spanish colonies?
The revolt led by the creole priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in 1810
Which of the following statements about the independence movement in South America is true?
The movement resulted in the formation of six independent nations by 1824
Which of the following statements accurately describes the social hierarchy in Spanish colonies?
Peninsulares held the highest political power, followed by creoles, mulattos, mestizos, Native Americans, and enslaved blacks
Which of the following statements accurately describes the economic situation in Haiti after its independence?
Economic inequity increased as power and wealth consolidated in the hands of city-dwelling mulattos
What was the primary economic activity in Brazil during the 19th century?
Coffee, cotton, sugar, and rubber production using enslaved African labor
What was the key difference between Portuguese rule in Brazil compared to Spanish rule in other Latin American colonies?
Brazil had more political autonomy and creoles had greater power
What event led to the Portuguese royal family fleeing to Brazil in 1807?
The Napoleonic Wars and the French invasion of Portugal
What was the primary reason for the unpopularity of Emperor Pedro I's rule in Brazil?
His efforts to centralize power and limit political participation
What was the impact of independence wars, political instability, and free trade with foreign merchants on the new Latin American economies?
It had a negative impact, damaging the economies of the newly independent nations
What was the role of European investors in the Latin American economy after independence?
They bought up Latin American industries and exerted control over the economy
What was the primary social division in Brazilian society during the 19th century?
Class and race, with Europeans at the top and Native Americans and enslaved Africans at the bottom
What was the impact of the 1889 coup that removed the monarchy in Brazil?
It initiated a period of social, economic, and political change in Brazil
What was the primary reason for the continued social unrest in Brazil in the 1920s and 1930s?
Ongoing racial discrimination and the lack of social mobility for Afro-Brazilians
What was the key factor that enabled Brazil to take a different path to independence compared to other Latin American countries?
The close relationship between the Portuguese royal family and local elites
Learn about the Congress of Vienna held in 1814-1815 to reorganize Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, and its impact on Europe's balance of power. Discover how liberalism began to rise in Latin America during this period.
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