The Congress of Vienna Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What was the Congress of Vienna?

An international conference held in 1814-15 (correct)

A treaty to end the Napoleonic Wars

A cultural festival in Vienna

A military alliance against Napoleon

What principle did legitimacy refer to in the context of the Congress of Vienna?

Restoration of monarchies unseated by the French Revolution or Napoleon.

Who was Louis XVIII?

French monarch restored by the allies after Napoleon's defeat.

What does Status Quo refer to?

The situation as it was before. Signup and view all the answers

Who represented England at the Congress of Vienna?

Castlereagh. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Alexander I?

Russian Czar during the Napoleonic Wars. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Prussian representative at the Congress of Vienna?

King Frederick William III. Signup and view all the answers

What role did Clemens Von Metternich play in the Congress of Vienna?

Austria's foreign minister and architect of the Congress. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Quadruple Alliance?

An organization of Austria, Britain, Prussia, and Russia. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Holy Alliance?

Alliance of Russia, Austria, and Prussia to safeguard Christianity. Signup and view all the answers

What does Balance of Power mean?

Distribution of military and economic power to prevent dominance. Signup and view all the answers

How much indemnity did France have to pay?

700,000,000 francs. Signup and view all the answers

What territory was denied to France by the Congress of Vienna?

All territory conquered by Napoléon. Signup and view all the answers

What territory was mostly given to Russia by the Congress of Vienna?

Duchy of Warsaw and Finland. Signup and view all the answers

What territories were given to Prussia by the Congress of Vienna?

Half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories. Signup and view all the answers

What is the German Confederation?

Consisted of 38 sovereign states dominated by Austria and Prussia. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Norway and Sweden as a result of the Congress of Vienna?

They were joined. Signup and view all the answers

What did Switzerland agree to in order to keep its constitutional government?

Remain neutral. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Hanover as a result of the Congress of Vienna?

It was enlarged and made a kingdom. Signup and view all the answers

What territories were given to Britain by the Congress of Vienna?

Cape Colony, South Africa, and various other colonies. Signup and view all the answers

What did Sardinia receive from the Congress of Vienna?

Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ferdinand I?

Bourbon ruler restored in the Kingdom of Two Sicilies. Signup and view all the answers

What is Liberalism?

A political ideology emphasizing civil rights and representative government. Signup and view all the answers

What is Nationalism?

Unique cultural identity based on language, religion, and symbols. Signup and view all the answers

Who are Reactionaries?

Extremists opposing change and wanting to return to old ways. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of government did Absolutism refer to?

A government where rulers have absolute power. Signup and view all the answers

What form of government did Metternich believe in?

Absolute monarchy. Signup and view all the answers

Who suppressed freedom of speech and press in Austria?

Metternich. Signup and view all the answers

Who was George Canning?

Great Britain's foreign secretary who sought to distance England from autocratic states. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Congress of Vienna Overview

An international congress held from 1814 to 1815 in Vienna after Napoleon's exile to Elba.
Primarily aimed at territorial redistribution and restoring monarchies in Europe.
Key figure was Prince Clemens Von Metternich of Austria, who was the architect of the conference's outcomes.

Key Principles and Figures

Legitimacy: Restoration of monarchies overthrown during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.
Balance of Power: Ensured military and economic balance to prevent dominance by any single nation.
Quadruple Alliance: Formed by Austria, Britain, Prussia, and Russia to maintain the peace settlement, with France joining in 1818.

Major Influential Leaders

Louis XVIII: Restored as the French monarch after Napoleon’s defeat.
Castlereagh: British representative advocating for a balance of power around France.
Alexander I: Russian Czar who established the Holy Alliance and implemented the Scorched Earth Policy.
King Frederick William III: Represented Prussia at the congress.
Talleyrand: French foreign minister during this period.

Territorial Changes and Agreements

France faced an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.
Russia acquired the Duchy of Warsaw and Finland.
Prussia was granted half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories.
A German Confederation of 38 sovereign states emerged, dominated by Austria and Prussia.
Norway and Sweden were unified.
Switzerland agreed to remain neutral to retain its constitutional government.
Hanover was enlarged and established as a kingdom.
Britain gained territories such as Cape Colony in South Africa and various colonies across Africa and Asia.
Sardinia received Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa.

Political Ideologies

Liberalism: Focuses on civil rights, representative government, and property rights.
Nationalism: Emphasizes unique cultural identity through language, religion, and national symbols.
Reactionaries: Extremists desiring a return to pre-revolutionary conditions.
Absolutism: Rulers in Spain and the Two Sicilies reinstated, abolishing constitutions in favor of absolute monarchy.

Metternich's Policies

Advocated for absolute monarchy and heavily suppressed freedom of speech and press in Austria.
Established a secret police system to monitor revolutionary activities.

Other Notable Figures

George Canning: British foreign secretary who distanced Britain from autocratic European powers, withdrawing from the Quintuple Alliance in 1822.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the Congress of Vienna with these flashcards. This quiz covers important terms and principles related to the conference that reshaped Europe after Napoleon's reign. Perfect for students studying European history and the effects of the Congress.