Congenital Heart Diseases Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which diagnostic modality is mainly used to confirm the diagnosis of Transposition of the Great Arteries?

  • Cardiac catheterization
  • ECG showing RVH
  • Echocardiogram (ECHO) (correct)
  • Chest X-ray

What is the recommended initial treatment for tet spells in a newborn with severe pulmonary stenosis?

  • IV prostaglandin E2 (correct)
  • Sedation with morphine
  • Beta Blockers
  • Phenylephrine

In the context of congenital heart disease, what does VSD stand for?

  • Vascular System Disorder
  • Valvular Septal Disease
  • Ventricular Semilunar Defect
  • Ventricular Septal Defect (correct)

What is the characteristic finding on chest X-ray in a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot?

<p>Boot-shaped heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is considered if medical management fails in a patient experiencing a Tet spell?

<p>Emergency surgical intervention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which congenital heart defects are classified under Acyanotic Left-to-right shunt?

<p>Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting with cyanosis at birth?

<p>Transposition of the Great Arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are acute and persistent increases in systemic vascular resistance or decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance undesirable during anesthesia for VSD surgery?

<p>They can accentuate the magnitude of left-to-right intracardiac shunt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anesthesia induction is recommended for a patient with poor left ventricular function undergoing surgery for a ventricular septal defect (VSD)?

<p>Intravenous induction with etomidate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common group of structural malformations in children?

<p>Congenital Heart Diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which maternal disorder is associated with a higher risk of Complete Heart Block in the fetus?

<p>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication associated with untreated VSD that can lead to a reversal of the shunt and worsening cyanosis?

<p>Eisenmenger complex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of infants with Edward’s and Patau’s syndrome are likely to have Aortic Valve Stenosis?

<p>60-80% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Congenital Heart Disease, what is the purpose of recognizing cardiac failure prior to surgery?

<p>To prevent complications during surgery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of congenital heart defects do atrial septal defects (ASD) represent?

<p>6-10% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of atrial septal defects?

<p>Failure of septal growth or excessive tissue reabsorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which congenital heart defect is classified under Cyanotic Outflow Obstruction?

<p>Aortic Stenosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pulmonary hypertension is often seen in infants with congenital heart defects?

<p>Secondary pulmonary hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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