30 Questions
What is the first major system to function in the embryo?
Cardiovascular system
Which structure grows faster and bends upon itself, forming a U-shaped bulboventricular loop during early heart development?
Bulbus cordis
What forms from the splanchnic mesoderm during heart development?
Myocardium
Which structure receives the paired veins in the developing heart?
Sinus venosus
When do the paired angioblastic cords appear in the mesoderm during heart development?
Middle of week 3
At what day does the heart begin to beat during early embryonic development?
$22$
In Persistent Truncus Arteriosus, what is a common associated heart defect?
Ventricular septal defect
What happens in Transposition of the Great Vessels?
The aorta and pulmonary trunk switch positions
Which structure forms part of the new wall of the right atrium during Intra-atrial Septum Formation?
Valve of IVC
What is the result of fusion of the outflow tract cushions?
Separation of blood flow
What happens when there is Persistent Truncus Arteriosus?
Failure of outflow tract cushion fusion
Which condition involves the failure of the conotruncal septum to spiral correctly?
Transposition of the Great Vessels
What is the structure that grows from the roof of the atrium into the lumen, eventually forming the ostium primum?
Septum primum
What is the most common type of atrial septal defect (ASD) that occurs in about 70% of cases?
Ostium secundum defect
What happens if the septum primum fails to close the ostium primum?
Risk of associated valve defects
Which structure is responsible for closing the interventricular foramen in the heart?
Tissue from inferior endocardial cushion
What leads to left-to-right shunting of blood in atrial septal defects?
Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
What is the primary cause of ostium secundum defects in atrial septal defects?
Underdevelopment or absence of septum secundum
What is the mechanism of closure for the ductus arteriosus postnatally?
Bradykinin released and smooth muscle contracts
In which direction does blood flow in a case of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Right to left
What is the role of the ligamentum arteriosum in the cardiovascular system?
Closure of the ductus arteriosus
What is a characteristic 'machine-like' murmur associated with?
Pulmonary stenosis
Which condition leads to reduced blood flow to the pulmonary circulation?
Patent truncus arteriosus
What is the cause of raised pressure in the right interventricular region?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What is the correct order of structures as blood flows through the heart during the pattern of circulation described?
Paired veins, primordial ventricle, atrioventricular canal, sinus venosus, truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, aortic sac
Which structure in the heart tube develops two horns around the time when the atrium and sinus venosus end up behind the bulbus cordis?
Sinus venosus
Which arteries coalesce to form the aorta and other major vessels during development?
Third arch arteries
In the process of truncus septation, through which vessel does blood exit from the left ventricle of the heart?
Aorta
Which event occurs around the 4th week of heart development?
Heart partitioning
What is the correct sequence of structures from above down as per heart tube elongation and dilatation?
Truncus arteriosus - Bulbus cordis - Ventricle - Atrium - Sinus venosus
This quiz covers topics related to congenital heart defects including truncus arteriosus, persistent truncus arteriosus, and transposition of the great vessels. Learn about the structural changes, associated symptoms, and diagnostic features of these conditions.
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