Congenital Heart Defects Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which imaging technique is most commonly used for the diagnosis of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?

  • CT scan
  • Echocardiogram (correct)
  • Ultrasound
  • MRI
  • What is the main characteristic of Pulmonic Stenosis (PS) that leads to right ventricle (RV) pressure overload?

  • Stenosis of the pulmonary valve
  • Compensatory hypertrophy of the ventricles (correct)
  • Decreased contractility
  • Increased aortic flow
  • Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Aortic Coarctation?

  • Cyanosis of the lips (correct)
  • Fatigue
  • Lower extremity claudication
  • Headache
  • In adults, what is the usual status of the ductus arteriosus?

    <p>Stenotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical appearance of vascular markings on a chest X-ray in a patient with Coarctation of the Aorta?

    <p>Decreased vascular markings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve abnormality is often found in association with Aortic Constriction?

    <p>Bicuspid aortic valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is a cardinal symptom of aortic stenosis that occurs late after years of obstruction?

    <p>Syncope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis in adults?

    <p>Age-related degenerative calcific AS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical examination finding is characteristic of aortic regurgitation?

    <p>Diamond-shaped systolic murmur with thrill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common etiology of aortic regurgitation in males?

    <p>Cystic medial necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is typically associated with wide pulse pressure and aortic regurgitation?

    <p>Quincke's sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the systolic murmur typically loudest in aortic regurgitation?

    <p>2nd right intercostal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is gum disease associated with heart disease?

    <p>By leading to transmission of oral bacteria into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for using preventative antibiotics prior to dental treatment for certain patients?

    <p>To avoid bacterial transmission into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can tooth infection contribute to a fatal heart attack?

    <p>By resulting in the death of cardiac tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes are observed in the heart murmur with Valsalva maneuver in a patient with the described symptoms?

    <p>The murmur disappears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the typical findings in an ECG of a patient with the described symptoms?

    <p>Prominent “septal” Q waves in leads I, aVL, V5–6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method used to detect periods of atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia in patients with such cardiac symptoms?

    <p>Holter monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'U' stand for in the CURB-65 score for pneumonia severity?

    <p>Urea level greater than 7mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long may it take for follow-up CXR abnormalities to clear in pneumonia cases?

    <p>4-12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patients should receive both influenza and pneumococcal vaccines according to the text?

    <p>Patients with a CURB-65 score of 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended antibiotic treatment for outpatient pneumonia in previously healthy individuals with no recent antibiotic use?

    <p>Clarithromycin or Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the best option for antibiotic treatment in patients with pneumonia who have an allergy to Amoxicillin?

    <p>Clarithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered important in the pathogenesis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)?

    <p>Infection originating from the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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