Congenital Defects and Scientific Basis
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Questions and Answers

What is the meaning of the term 'congenital'?

  • Present at birth (correct)
  • Acquired after birth
  • Caused by environmental factors
  • Caused by genetic factors
  • What is an 'anomaly' in the context of congenital defects?

  • A developmental delay
  • A behavioral deviation from the norm
  • A structural deviation from the norm (correct)
  • A functional deviation from the norm
  • What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

  • Genotype refers to observable features, while phenotype refers to genetic constitution
  • Genotype refers to genetic constitution, while phenotype refers to observable features (correct)
  • Genotype and phenotype are synonymous terms
  • Genotype and phenotype are not related to each other
  • Which of the following is NOT a category of congenital anomalies based on their developmental origin?

    <p>Dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'sequence' in the context of congenital anomalies?

    <p>A single defect leads to a series of consequential defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a main cause of congenital anomalies?

    <p>Maternal age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of congenital anomalies are estimated to be caused by teratogens?

    <p>1-3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a teratogen that can cause congenital defects?

    <p>Maternal exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exposure to teratogens during the embryonic period (2-8 weeks) is most likely to cause:

    <p>Structural defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Talipes, or clubfoot, is an example of a congenital:

    <p>Malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amniotic bands are most likely to cause which type of congenital anomaly?

    <p>Disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DiGeorge Syndrome is caused by a deletion on which chromosome?

    <p>Chromosome 22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CHARGE in CHARGE Syndrome stand for?

    <p>Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresia choanae, Retarded growth, Genital abnormalities, Ear abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region of the spinal cord is Spina bifida most commonly found?

    <p>Lumbar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is particularly affected by alcohol during fetal development?

    <p>Neural crest cell migration and brain development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate incidence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders?

    <p>1 in 100 births</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Congenital Rubella Syndrome primarily affect?

    <p>Organs of special senses and heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of Congenital Rubella Syndrome?

    <p>Organs of special senses and heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

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