43 Questions
What is the approximate incidence of polythelia in the general population?
1%–5%
Where is the most common site for an extra breast to occur?
Axilla
What is the term for the complete absence of nipple and areola?
Athelia
What is the significance of congenitally inverted nipples?
Usually of little significance, correct spontaneously during pregnancy
What is the most common bacterium isolated from milk cultures in lactating mastitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the characteristic age range for non-lactating mastitis (periductal mastitis)?
19-50 years
What is the characteristic presentation of lactating mastitis on physical examination?
Wedge-shaped red area of the breast
What should always be considered in a woman with an erythematous swollen breast, mimicking inflammation?
Inflammatory breast cancer
Which condition presents with a poorly defined palpable periareolar mass and thick, white nipple secretions?
Mammary duct ectasia
Which of these does not cause granulomatous mastitis?
Breast trauma
Which condition is associated with dense fibrous stromal proliferation in women with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Lymphocytic mastopathy
Which organism is NOT commonly isolated in non-lactating mastitis?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What is the characteristic appearance of fat necrosis on mammography?
An oil cyst with a calcified rim
Which condition is hypothesized to be secondary to periductal inflammation?
Mammary duct ectasia
Which condition must be distinguished from breast cancer due to its mammographic appearance?
Lymphocytic mastopathy
What is the principal significance of breast fat necrosis?
It mimics the mammographic appearance of carcinoma
Which condition is associated with a dense keloid-like fibrosis and a prominent lymphocytic infiltrate surrounding atrophic ducts?
Lymphocytic mastopathy
Which condition is commonly associated with trauma or prior surgery?
Breast fat necrosis
Which condition may form a fistula tract opening at the edge of the areola?
Non-lactating mastitis
Which condition is associated with an isodense, well-delimited nodule on mammography in association with calcifications?
Lymphocytic mastopathy
What is the term for the proliferation of ductules within the terminal duct unit, resulting in an increased number of ductules?
Adenosis
What contributes to the palpable firmness of the breast in the context of cyst rupture in fibrocystic breast disease?
Chronic inflammation and fibrous scarring
What is implicated in the induction of extensive stromal fibrosis leading to the obliteration of terminal ducts in fibrocystic breast disease?
Hyperestrogenism
What represents ectatic ductules and can be microscopic or up to 2 inches in diameter in the context of fibrocystic breast disease?
Cysts
Which of the following is a characteristic morphologic change seen in fibrocystic breast disease?
Cysts lined by flattened atrophic epithelium
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of apocrine metaplasia in fibrocystic breast disease?
Metaplasia of cyst epithelium into apocrine epithelium resembling sweat glands
What is the predominant color of the fluid in unopened cysts in fibrocystic breast disease?
Brown or blue
What is the characteristic appearance of apocrine cells in fibrocystic breast disease?
Columnar with granular, strongly eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei
Which of the following is a characteristic of usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH)?
Presence of more than two cell layers without mitotic activity or atypia
What is the defining characteristic of sclerosing adenosis?
Increase in the number of acini per terminal duct and stromal proliferation
What is the distinguishing feature of proliferative breast disease without atypia?
Proliferation of ductal epithelium and/or stroma without cytologic or architectural features suggestive of carcinoma in situ
What is the defining factor of mild intraductal hyperplasia?
2 to 4 epithelial layers
Which of the following lesions forms irregular masses and can closely mimic invasive carcinoma?
Complex sclerosing lesion
What is the characteristic mammographic appearance of a complex sclerosing lesion?
Focal area of architectural distortion with 'dark' spicules radiating from the center
What is the distinguishing feature of intraductal papilloma?
Polypoid growth within the duct lumen
Where are large duct papillomas usually situated?
Solitary and situated in the lactiferous sinuses
Which of the following lesions is commonly associated with fibrocystic disease and can closely mimic invasive carcinoma?
Complex sclerosing lesion
Which condition is composed of multiple branching fibrovascular cores, each having a connective tissue axis and an epithelium containing both luminal and myoepithelial cells?
Intraductal papilloma
What is the defining feature of a complex sclerosing lesion in the breast?
Prominent fibroelastosis and epithelial hyperplasia
What is the relative risk of breast cancer associated with atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)?
5 times greater than normal
Which of the following accurately describes the cellular proliferation in atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)?
Identical to lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) cells and fills or distends less than 50% of the acini within a lobule
What is the distinguishing factor between atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)?
Size of the lesion
What is the characteristic feature of atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) in terms of acini involvement within a lobule?
Fills or distends more than 50% of the acini within a lobule
This quiz covers the characteristics of Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia (ADH), a cellular proliferation involving the terminal duct-lobular unit. Learn about the features that differentiate ADH from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
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