33. Mastitis and benign breast disease

What is the approximate incidence of polythelia in the general population?

Where is the most common site for an extra breast to occur?

What is the term for the complete absence of nipple and areola?

What is the significance of congenitally inverted nipples?

What is the most common bacterium isolated from milk cultures in lactating mastitis?

What is the characteristic age range for non-lactating mastitis (periductal mastitis)?

What is the characteristic presentation of lactating mastitis on physical examination?

What should always be considered in a woman with an erythematous swollen breast, mimicking inflammation?

Which condition presents with a poorly defined palpable periareolar mass and thick, white nipple secretions?

Which of these does not cause granulomatous mastitis?

Which condition is associated with dense fibrous stromal proliferation in women with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Which organism is NOT commonly isolated in non-lactating mastitis?

What is the characteristic appearance of fat necrosis on mammography?

Which condition is hypothesized to be secondary to periductal inflammation?

Which condition must be distinguished from breast cancer due to its mammographic appearance?

What is the principal significance of breast fat necrosis?

Which condition is associated with a dense keloid-like fibrosis and a prominent lymphocytic infiltrate surrounding atrophic ducts?

Which condition is commonly associated with trauma or prior surgery?

Which condition may form a fistula tract opening at the edge of the areola?

Which condition is associated with an isodense, well-delimited nodule on mammography in association with calcifications?

What is the term for the proliferation of ductules within the terminal duct unit, resulting in an increased number of ductules?

What contributes to the palpable firmness of the breast in the context of cyst rupture in fibrocystic breast disease?

What is implicated in the induction of extensive stromal fibrosis leading to the obliteration of terminal ducts in fibrocystic breast disease?

What represents ectatic ductules and can be microscopic or up to 2 inches in diameter in the context of fibrocystic breast disease?

Which of the following is a characteristic morphologic change seen in fibrocystic breast disease?

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of apocrine metaplasia in fibrocystic breast disease?

What is the predominant color of the fluid in unopened cysts in fibrocystic breast disease?

What is the characteristic appearance of apocrine cells in fibrocystic breast disease?

Which of the following is a characteristic of usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH)?

What is the defining characteristic of sclerosing adenosis?

What is the distinguishing feature of proliferative breast disease without atypia?

What is the defining factor of mild intraductal hyperplasia?

Which of the following lesions forms irregular masses and can closely mimic invasive carcinoma?

What is the characteristic mammographic appearance of a complex sclerosing lesion?

What is the distinguishing feature of intraductal papilloma?

Where are large duct papillomas usually situated?

Which of the following lesions is commonly associated with fibrocystic disease and can closely mimic invasive carcinoma?

Which condition is composed of multiple branching fibrovascular cores, each having a connective tissue axis and an epithelium containing both luminal and myoepithelial cells?

What is the defining feature of a complex sclerosing lesion in the breast?

What is the relative risk of breast cancer associated with atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)?

Which of the following accurately describes the cellular proliferation in atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)?

What is the distinguishing factor between atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)?

What is the characteristic feature of atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) in terms of acini involvement within a lobule?