Congenital Anomalies of Kidney Quiz

A rare condition where one kidney does not develop in the fetus. The other kidney usually grows larger to compensate but can be prone to problems like VUR (vesicoureteral reflux).

A life-threatening condition where both kidneys are absent. This leads to lack of amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios) causing severe lung problems (pulmonary hypoplasia) and a distinctive facial appearance.

A kidney smaller than normal but with a normal structure. The number of nephrons (functional units of the kidney) is reduced. It may be discovered incidentally or lead to chronic renal failure in severe cases.

A rare condition where one part of a kidney does not develop properly, resulting in an uneven appearance. Sometimes these parts may have a poor blood supply leading to problems with function.

A congenital abnormality of the urinary system where the ureteral bud (which helps the kidney develop) fails to connect to the metanephric blastema (kidney tissue) resulting in kidney absence.

The process of kidney development in the fetus, involving the formation of nephrons (functional units of the kidney) from the metanephric blastema, with the help of the ureteral bud.

Early stage of kidney development in the fetus where the pronephros, a primitive kidney structure, forms but quickly regresses. This is replaced by the mesonephros, which becomes important for urine production in the early stages.

The final stage of kidney development where the permanent kidney, the metanephros, forms. This stage involves complex interactions between the ureteral bud and the metanephric blastema.

A rare condition where the kidneys are not fully developed and lack normal tissue, leading to a small and dysfunctional structure. This is also known as a rudimentary kidney.

A condition where the kidney's structure is abnormal, characterized by cysts and unusual cartilage formation. It can affect the entire kidney or just parts of it.

A developmental abnormality where both kidneys have multiple cysts and lack normal function, occurring more often in adults. It's inherited and can be either autosomal dominant (ADPKD) or recessive (ARPKD).

A congenital condition where one kidney is replaced by multiple cysts and lacks function. The other kidney typically grows larger to compensate. It's the most common cause of a large abdominal mass in infants and primarily affects males.

A condition where the kidney fails to ascend to its normal position in the abdomen during development. It can be located in the pelvis, thorax, or even cross the midline.

A rare fusion anomaly where the lower poles of both kidneys merge together, forming a horseshoe shape. It's more common in males and often comes with other anomalies.

A condition where the kidney is larger than normal due to compensatory hypertrophy. This is often seen in cases like MCDK, where one kidney fails to develop and the other takes over its function.

An investigation used to assess kidney function. A radioactive substance is given to the patient and its uptake by the kidneys is monitored. It helps differentiate between MCDK and hydronephrosis, showing no function in the affected kidney.

A condition where one kidney crosses the midline and fuses to the lower pole of the other kidney, with both ureters inserting in their normal positions.

A congenital condition where a kidney has two distinct drainage systems (pelvicalyceal systems), each with its own ureter. This can be complete (two separate ureters) or incomplete (ureters merging before reaching the bladder).

A complete duplex kidney with two distinct ureters, where the upper pole ureter opens lowermost and medially into the bladder, making it prone to obstruction.

An abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and collecting system, which can be identified in the womb using ultrasound.

A narrowing or blockage of the upper part of the ureter (where it connects to the kidney), leading to hydronephrosis.

A condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys. This can happen due to a faulty valve at the junction of the ureter and bladder.

An abnormally large ureter, often caused by a blockage or structural abnormality. This can lead to dilation and problems with urine flow.

A pouch or sac-like structure in the ureter, usually near the bladder, that causes a block and leads to problems emptying the kidney.

A condition where the urethra is blocked, usually due to a membrane or valve, causing urine to back up into the bladder and kidneys.

A blockage at the junction of the kidney and ureter, preventing urine from flowing out of the kidney. This can be caused by factors like stenosis, hypoplasia, or a constricted vessel.

A test that uses a contrast dye to visualize the kidneys and bladder and detect problems like VUR or reflux.

This test uses a radioisotope and a diuretic to assess kidney function and detect obstruction. If kidney function is poor or there is a delayed drainage, it signifies an obstruction.

A technique that uses sound waves to create images of the kidneys and urinary tract. It helps detect dilation or other abnormalities.

A type of kidney scan that uses a special dye and X-rays to check for blockages in the urinary tract.

A condition where the kidneys swell up with extra fluid.

This is a blockage or narrowing of the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder (ureter), specifically at the upper junction.

A surgical procedure to widen a narrowed area in the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder.

A less invasive procedure where a tiny incision is made in the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder using a special balloon.