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Questions and Answers
True or false: Conformity is defined as a change in behavior as a result of the real or imagined influence of other people?
True
True or false: Cults, violence, dictatorships, and everyday behavior are examples of conformity?
True
True or false: Conformity occurs when we rely on social cues in confusing or ambiguous circumstances?
True
True or false: Fear, heavy social pressure, group size, and culture are reasons why we conform?
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True or false: Informational social influence is when we conform because we believe that others' interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than ours?
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True or false: Normative social influence is when we conform because we want to fit in and be accepted by others?
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True or false: Minority influence is when a small group of people influences the beliefs or behaviors of a larger group?
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True or false: Compliance is a type of conformity where we change our behavior in response to a direct request or command from an authority figure?
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True or false: Obedience to authority is a type of conformity where we follow the orders or instructions of someone in a position of power?
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True or false: Conformity can lead to both positive and negative outcomes depending on the situation?
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Normative social influence refers to conforming to other people's behavior out of a genuine belief that what they are doing or saying is right.
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Conformity is more likely if the task or behavior is important, the situation is ambiguous, and others are experts.
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Normative social influence is the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them.
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Social norms are the implicit or explicit rules a group has for behavior.
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Informational social influence can be seen in Sherif's study where participants made estimates of movement alone and with others.
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Asch's study demonstrated normative social influence as many participants conformed to the group's incorrect answer.
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Social Impact Theory suggests that conforming to social influence depends on the strength of the group, its immediacy, and the number of other people in the group.
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Unanimity, gender, and culture are factors that can influence normative social influence.
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Normative social influence can be exploited for good or bad depending on the context.
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Minority influence refers to the case in which a minority of group members influences the behavior or beliefs of the majority.
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Compliance refers to a change in behavior in response to a direct request from another person.
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The door-in-the-face technique is a technique to get people to comply with a request by presenting them with a small, more reasonable request first.
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True or false: The foot-in-the-door technique involves presenting a small request followed by a larger request in order to increase compliance.
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True or false: Lowballing is a strategy where a salesperson initially offers a product at a low cost and then raises the price after the customer agrees to purchase it.
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True or false: Reciprocity is the feeling of obligation to repay others when they have given us something.
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True or false: The Holocaust inspired Stanley Milgram to study obedience to authority.
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True or false: In Milgram's study on obedience, participants were ordered to administer shocks to a victim when they answered questions incorrectly.
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True or false: In Milgram's study, 1% of participants predicted to administer shocks up to the maximum voltage of 450 volts.
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True or false: Burger's study in 2009 replicated Milgram's findings on obedience across different demographics such as ethnicity, gender, age, education, and personality.
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True or false: Normative social influence refers to the influence of authority figures on obedience.
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True or false: Informational social influence occurs when individuals look to an experimenter for guidance in a confusing situation.
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True or false: Self-justification is a factor that influences obedience to authority.
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Study Notes
Conformity and Social Influence
- Conformity is a change in behavior as a result of the real or imagined influence of other people.
Types of Social Influence
- Informational social influence: when we conform because we believe that others' interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than ours.
- Normative social influence: when we conform because we want to fit in and be accepted by others.
- Minority influence: when a small group of people influences the beliefs or behaviors of a larger group.
Factors that Influence Conformity
- Fear, heavy social pressure, group size, and culture can contribute to conformity.
- Unanimity, gender, and culture can influence normative social influence.
Social Impact Theory
- Conforming to social influence depends on the strength of the group, its immediacy, and the number of other people in the group.
Compliance and Obedience
- Compliance: a change in behavior in response to a direct request from another person.
- Obedience to authority: when we follow the orders or instructions of someone in a position of power.
- The door-in-the-face technique: presenting a small request followed by a larger request to increase compliance.
- Lowballing: presenting a product at a low cost and then raising the price after the customer agrees to purchase it.
- Foot-in-the-door technique: presenting a small request followed by a larger request to increase compliance.
- Reciprocity: the feeling of obligation to repay others when they have given us something.
Milgram's Study on Obedience
- Stanley Milgram studied obedience to authority, inspired by the Holocaust.
- In Milgram's study, participants were ordered to administer shocks to a victim when they answered questions incorrectly.
- A significant percentage of participants administered shocks up to the maximum voltage of 450 volts.
- Burger's study in 2009 replicated Milgram's findings on obedience across different demographics.
Self-Justification and Obedience
- Self-justification is a factor that influences obedience to authority.
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Description
Test your knowledge on conformity and its various aspects such as social influence, compliance, and obedience to authority. Explore examples of conformity in cults, violence, dictatorships, and everyday behavior. Understand why people conform and rely on social cues in different situations.
